The forthcoming Water Cycle Observation Mission (WCOM) is to understand the water cycle system among land,
atmosphere, and ocean. In both active and passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture, the surface roughness
plays an important role. Electromagnetic models of roughness provide tables of emissivities and backscattering
coefficients that can be used to retrieve soil moisture. In this paper, a fast and accurate three dimensional solution of
Maxwell’s equations is developed and employed to solve rough soil surface scattering problem at L-band. The algorithm
combines QR Pre-Ranked Multilevel UV(MLUV) factorization and Hierarchical Fast Far Field Approximation. It is
implemented using OpenMP interface for fast parallel calculation. In this algorithm, 1) QR based rank predetermined
algorithm is derived to further compress the UV matrix pairs obtained using coarse-coarse sampling; 2) at the finer
levels, MLUV is used straightforwardly to factorize the interactions between groups, while at the coarsest level,
interactions between groups in the interaction list are calculated using an elegantly derived Hierarchical Fast Far Field
Approximation (HFAFFA) to accelerate the calculation of interactions between large groups while keeping the accuracy
of this approximation; 3) OpenMP interface is used to parallelize this new algorithm. Numerical results including the
incoherent bistatic scattering coefficients and the emissivity demonstrate the efficiency of this method.
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