Two color image coding schemes based on single bit map block truncation coding are proposed in this paper. The first scheme employs the optimal rule for single bit map generation. In addition, the quantization level recomputation process is designed. By using these two techniques, a fixed bit rate image coding scheme is introduced. To further cut down the required bit rates of the first scheme, the similar block prediction technique and the bit map omission technique are employed in the second scheme. According to the experimental results, the first scheme proposed significantly improves the image qualities of the compressed images compared to the traditional single bit map block truncation coding scheme. In addition, good image qualities of the compressed images are achieved by the second scheme while keeping bit rates low.
KEYWORDS: Image quality, Image compression, Digital watermarking, Digital imaging, RGB color model, Computer science, Information science, Roads, Image restoration, Information security
A tamper detection method to protect the integrity of indexed color images is presented. This method generates authentication codes of the indices based on the pseudorandom number generator. The length of authentication codes can be adaptively chosen according to the user’s requirement. The authentication codes are embedded into the index table of the indexed color image. In the tamper detection procedure, the embedded authentication codes are extracted. Besides, the pseudorandom number generator with the specific random seed is used to generate another set of authentication codes. By means of comparing the two sets of authentication codes, the tampered areas of the indexed color images can be found. Experimental results show that the proposed method efficiently detects the tampered areas while keeping good image qualities of embedded images.
KEYWORDS: Cameras, Stereoscopic cameras, 3D modeling, 3D acquisition, 3D image reconstruction, Imaging systems, Optical filters, 3D image processing, Laser scanners, Detection and tracking algorithms
The paper presents a novel 3-D hand-held camera to get the depth information from a single snap shot. Traditionally, a stereo system needs two cameras to reconstruct the 3-D shape. We propose a technique which can be applied to the commercial digital signal camera, and make the 2D camera be able to capture 3D information. The proposed 3-D hand-held camera contains three major components: a flash, a commercial camera, and a triaperture lens. The flash projects the speckle pattern onto the object and the camera captures a single snap shot at the same time. In order to embed the 3-D information in one captured image, we use a novel lens containing three off-axis apertures, where each aperture was attached one color filter. Therefore, a captured image carries the information from three different viewing directions. A hierarchical pseudo sub-pixel correlation algorithm is proposed to compute the disparity vectors at a fast speed. It is an adaptive block-based correlation process based on the sparse array of the extracted features. The experimental results show that our approach is robust and convincing.
KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, 3D image processing, Reconstruction algorithms, 3D acquisition, 3D modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Digital cameras, Projection systems, Edge detection
This paper proposes a new fast and high-resolution color structured-light-based 3D imaging system. Unlike the expensive laser-based 3D imaging system, our hand-held system contains a commercial digital camera and two special designed projectors, the cost is much lower. Only two images are necessarily to reconstruct the 3D model with textures. One projector illuminates white light for texture imaging, the other projector projects special designed pattern for 3D information imaging. 384 vertical color bars (comprised of six primary colors) with special coding are projected onto the target, our proposed algorithm detects edges between any two successive color bars. From decoding algorithm the correct locations of edges are derived. Then the calibration algorithm finds accurate positions of edges in 3D space with triangulation. Color bars can be seriously distorted by colorful objects. Edges and colors of the object may cause edges of color bars to be broken segments. And some bars even show very different colors. A curve reconstruction algorithm is developed to reconstruct the complete edge from residual edge segments. And a robust color decoding algorithm can recover the correct color sequence even when many color bars are seriously distorted. The suggested approach has been implemented and the preliminary results show the resolution can compete with laser 3D imaging systems and -0.2~+0.2 mm accuracy is achieved.
KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Calibration, Charge-coupled devices, 3D acquisition, 3D image enhancement, Imaging systems, Image processing, 3D image reconstruction, Speckle, Medical diagnostics
3D reconstruction technique plays an important role in the applications for 3D data acquisition, such as medical diagnosis, animation and virtual reality. Moreover, the 3D triangulation process is one of the most important parts while reconstructing the smooth surface of a 3D object. The essential of 3D triangulation is to find the intersection of the rays emitting from the correlated points on each image pair, but the emitting rays always don't intersect with each other owing to the error in process. So the obtained 3D point is an approximated value and makes the reconstructed surface uneven. In the paper, we proposed an triangulation enhancement method, which reduces the perturbation in the reconstructed data and filter out the error caused by spurious vectors in the process of correlation.
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