We have systematically studied femtosecond-laser fabrication of optical waveguides in an Er-Yb doped phosphate glass.
Waveguides were written using the IMRA America FCPA μJewel D-400 femtosecond fiber laser system with pulse
repetition rates ranging from 250 kHz to 2.2 MHz. At every pulse repetition rate a series of waveguides was written
while varying scan speeds from 50 μm/s to 100 mm/s and pulse energies from 80 nJ to 320 nJ. The optical quality of the
waveguides was evaluated by measuring the waveguide mode profile as well as the optical loss. Laser-induced defects
and structural changes in the glass were characterized using confocal fluorescence and Raman microscopy.
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