Diffractive optics allow for increased optical performance, decreased size and weight, and decreased systems costs in numerous applications. Many types of optics can be fabricated using diffractive surfaces which are not possible, or not cost competitive, using standard refractive lenses. Diffractive optics technology has been developed at Kodak to the point where low cost, mass produced, plastic-molded diffractive optics are available on a commercial basis. Rotationally symmetric, aspheric, refractive/diffractive hybrid lenses have been injection molded in 100,000 part test runs and the lenses demonstrated consistent quality throughout the test. In this paper we will discuss design, analysis, and fabrication of diffractive optics for some typical applications. These applications include diffractive hybrid achromats for visual applications, such as fixed focus and zoom camera lenses, achromatized laser diode objectives, asymmetric anamorphic concentrating and spectral filtering lenses for rangefinding and autofocus applications, the use of diffractive optics in high quality, grayscale laser writers as beam deflectors and F(theta) lenses. Kodak's diamond turning capability for fabricating diffractive optics and our capacity for fabricating plastic injection mold tooling utilizing diamond turning is discussed. Finally, a discussion of our meteorology technology for examining diffractive surfaces will be discussed.
This paper presents a general method for measuring the frequency response of a surface profiling instrument. One important consequence of this work is the discussion of the importance of the modification of surface spatial frequencies by the measuring instrument. The method uses a step height sample to characterize the impulse instrument, and power spectrum response. Experimental measurements are shown for a variety of focusing objectives. The results show that the half power bandwidth provides a good characterization of the high spatial frequency limit of a surface profiler.
A CCD camera system has been added to a surface profiler to display Nomarski enhanced images of a surface under
test. The viewing system provides an expanded view of the test surface for identifying the location and extent of
surface features.
Practical engineering considerations of the optical and illumination systems will be discussed. Also, examples of
surface images and their respective profile scans will be shown.
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