Optical systems are frequently used in non-laboratory environments. Extra-orbit launch accelerations, gunfire vibrations, and temperature fluctuations can put dangerous stresses on lenses. In addition to general mechanical ruggedization, Kapton® tape was added to optical surfaces as a go-between for the glass/crystal and the metal structure components. The thought behind this was that using a softer surface interface would act as a sort of cushion for the optics. Kapton® tape has a CTE nearly matching that of Aluminum 6061-T6 and has an effective temperature range of -269°C to 400°C, which makes it an ideal material for use in systems both at or outside of room temperature values. Hand calculations formulated from equations postulated by experts Paul Yoder and R.J. Roark were used in conjunction with Finite Element Analysis via ANSYS. Practical examples used in the field were cited as well.
There is a growing need for lenses capable of determining the precise object distance and field of view (FOV) which needs to be met with a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. Difficulties achieving this accuracy arise with zoom lenses due to the dependence of field of view on the focus position. The depth of field phenomenon is also an issue which must be addressed. In addition, the accurate measurement of element positions can also be an issue. In this paper, we will explore these challenges and offer a solution in the form of metric zoom capability.
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