SDH/SONET technology is the main manner of information transport. With the increasingly mature related technologies, the combination of data and optical networks become closer. At the same time, the tremendous success and rise of data traffic have put the focus on the protocols and framing technologies for mapping data over SDH/SONET in fiber optical networks. A first attempt at a more efficient high-speed WAN protocol is packet over SDH/SONET, in which IP data packets are conveyed through using the link-layer point-to-point protocol and being encapsulated into byte-stuffed HDLC-like frames. LAPS also using byte-stuffed HDLC offers a simple method of providing Ethernet LAN extension over a public WAN. A generic framing procedure provides an efficient and protocol-agnostic frame delineation and encapsulation mechanism for transporting a variety of protocols over SDH/SONET tributaries. Protocol signals may be PDU-oriented, block-coded, or a constant bit stream. In this paper, we review several emerging technologies for the transport of packet services, and compare these framing technologies known as POS, LAPS and GFP. Finally we present several applications of these technologies.
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