KEYWORDS: Radio over Fiber, Optical fibers, Amplifiers, Linear filtering, Antennas, Connectors, Telecommunications, Transmitters, Communication engineering, Data communications
As a new application of Radio-on-Fiber, digital divide solution by utilizing CATV network is proposed. We have been
discussed and demonstrated realization and effectively of proposed system by in-door experiment so far, however field
trial is very important for the practical use. Now, the radiation examination is done as an experiment bureau in the
mountainous area in Nara Prefecture aiming evaluating by the real operation, evaluating the correspondence with the link
design theory, and clarifying effectiveness in a real environment of the proposal system. In this paper, the result of the
field trial of the proposal and the SCM transmission is discussed and demonstrated.
KEYWORDS: Radio over Fiber, Modulation, Distortion, Optical amplifiers, Signal detection, Communication engineering, Wireless communications, Transparency, Intermodulation, Antennas
Nowadays, the RoF technology can utilize to converge the broadcasting and the broadband wireless communications,
because of their huge bandwidth, and protocol transparency. Transmitting RF signals are deteriorated by the nonlinearity
of the RoF link and following RF amplifier. This paper provides analysis method of intermodulation distortion and peak
factor of multicarrier RF signals including IEEE802.11g, ISDB-T and IEEE802.16e-2005 over intensity modulation /
direct detection (IM/DD) RoF link. Experimental evaluation is also presented in terms of the error vector magnitude
(EVM).
A semiconductor fiber-optic ring laser gyroscope (S-FOG) consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and
optical fiber to form a ring cavity. The fiber ring cavity enables larger sizes and smaller scattering, while the SOA gain
is shared by the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) propagating modes. When the S-FOG is rotated, a new
beat signal called the Sagnac beat frequency is observed. We investigated the effect of the fiber ring cavity's length on
detection characteristics. Detection sensitivity was not dependent on the number of laps of fiber ring cavity. However,
when the cavity length became longer, the linewidth of Sagnac beat became narrower, and then accuracy of angular
velocity detection improved. The relation between the linewidth
Δ ν of the Sagnac beat and cavity length P was proved to be Δ ν ≈ P-1.86.
We detect the Earth's rotation rate using a semiconductor fiber optic gyroscope (S-FOG), which is an active ring laser
gyroscope that consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a fiber optic ring resonator. Four different
optical fiber layouts with different scale factors in rotation rate measurement are configured and measured. Expected
Sagnac beat signals proportional to the scale factors are observed. The maximum layout of S-FOG is extended over
10,898 m2, which, to our knowledge, is the largest active ring laser gyroscope ever built.
We are conducting research to confirm the performance of a semiconductor fiber-optic ring laser gyroscope (S-FOG)
featuring a semiconductor in its laser cavity. This S-FOG consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a gain
medium, a polarization-maintaining fiber to make a ring cavity, and a directional coupler to take part of the optical
power out of the cavity. One of the advantages of the S-FOG is the adaptability of the laser cavity, which allows us to
examine many cases of S-FOG applications easily. In the first case, we observed that the S-FOG generated Sagnac beat
signals whose peak frequency was proportional to the rotation rate when it rotated. In the second case, we changed the
area surrounded by the ring cavity (the fiber) and its perimeter and maintained a near-fixed oscillation wavelength of the
ring laser. In this case, all of our experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical calculations, within a few
percent. In the third case, we changed the oscillation wavelength and fixed the shape of the ring cavity. In this case, our
results were also in good agreement with theoretical calculations. In the fourth case, we examined the Sagnac beat
spectrum generated by the S-FOG in detail. The linewidth of the Sagnac beat spectrum increases as the area bounded by
the optical path in the ring cavity becomes smaller, or as the length of the cavity becomes shorter. Our experimental
results show that the S-FOG works as a gyro and that there exists practical potential for a semiconductor ring laser gyro.
Presented in this paper is an introduction of a fiber-type optical phased array antenna for free- space optical communications. Optical phased array antenna is a phased array antenna operated at optical frequency. The high speed beam steering, spatial power combining, and flexible beam forming characteristics of them will drastically improve the performance of future free-space optical communication systems. The system design of a fiber-type optical phased array which can steer an optical beam in 2-dimension is reviewed. Fundamental characteristics of the integrated optical beam forming network (BFN) are shown. The wide bandwidth response up to 924 MHz of optical phase shifters, which enables high speed beam steering, is highlighted. Radiation patterns demonstrate coherent spacial power combining.
In this study, we clarify the performance of a Nd-doped fiber amplifier (NDFA) at 1.06 micrometer as a booster amplifier and a preamplifier. As a booster amplifier, we propose a Nd-doped double-clad fiber (DCF) amplifier. The DCF configuration could be the most promising technique for obtaining high output power from the NDFA, because of its potentially low amplifying threshold characteristics in an ideal four-state system, and the easy pump lightwave coupling to a broader first cladding area in the DCF. The proposed DCF is spliced with a normal single mode fiber at one end of the DCF as a signal input port, to avoid multi-mode propagation of the input signal lightwave through the first cladding area. Design parameters, such as the length and Nd concentration of the DCF, will be optimized by further study. The theoretical result predicts a 2-watt signal output power by a 10-watt pump power coupling to the DCF. For comparison, a booster amplifier employing four-LDs pump scheme is also demonstrated. As a preamplifier, we clarify the NDFA's high-sensitivity performance in giga-bit transmission. The NDFA will provide high-power, low-noise, robust, multigigabit optical transmitters and receivers for free-space laser communications systems.
A double-layered constellation for a future global satellite communications network connected by optical intersatellite links has been proposed. The constellation consists of lower layer satellites for mobile and personal satellite communications, and upper layer satellites for large- capacity fixed satellite communications and feeder links. Optical inter-satellite links, which can perform high-capacity communications with small terminals, are used for all intersatellite data transmission. Although a polar orbit constellation offers the merit of simpleness in network configurations, the inclined orbit constellation offers the potential for reducing the required number of satellites, improving link properties, and enhancing the coverage in middle and low latitudes, by selecting the most adequate inclination of the orbits. The optical inter- satellite link properties, coverage properties, and required number of satellites are evaluated for constellations using inclined orbits, and then compared with those of a polar orbit constellation. Three constellation types in each layer achieving continuous double coverage are assumed. For each constellation, the relations between these properties and the inclination of the orbits are examined. The basic parameters of optical inter-satellite links on satellite constellations using inclined orbits are also shown.
As a new constellation for global satellite communication networks applying optical inter- satellite links, a double-layered low earth orbit satellite constellation with two different altitudes is proposed. In the lower layer, several hundred satellites operating as links for user terminals are arranged. The upper layer contains several tens of satellites that relay data from the lower layer satellites to other satellites or earth-based gateway stations. The satellites deployed in the lower layer can be simplified and miniaturized, because their only function is to link small earth-based terminals and they have only three inter-satellite link terminals. The satellites in the upper layer are complex and heavy, but only a small number of them required. Orbital parameters and inter-satellite link parameters are evaluated in the constellation. Also, special features of this constellation compared with usual constellations with a single altitude are shown.
A transmission experiment through a free-space laser transmission simulator for an optical intersatellite link is proposed and demonstrated. For multigigabit optical intensity modulation, adoption of both a direct current modulation of the laser diode and external optical intensity modulator are examined. Bit error rate (BER) characteristics, including the far-field pattern (FFP) of the optical antenna and beam coupling loss, as well as beam pointing error fluctuation are clarified in assuming intersatellite distances. Design directions of the optical beam tracking system and high capacity optical transmission in the 0.83 micrometers wavelength region, between optical intersatellite links, are clarified in this experiment.
We have developed a high-speed tracking target simulator and pointing direction measurement system to evaluate a tracking/pointing subsystem of an optical intersatellite link (ISL) transceiver. Developing high-precision beam tracking/pointing technology requires a more precise performance measurement system. We have been studying a tracking target simulator as a signal generator and pointing direction measurement method to evaluate a transfer function of a fine tracking/pointing subsystem. In this paper, we will describe a wide-diameter collimated beam intensified uniformly as a tracking target, and how we control the direction of it with 1 µrad in amplitude and 100 Hz in frequency.
The design concept of simplified gimbals for the purpose of geostationary satellite tracking from low earth orbits is discussed and the preliminary results of a trial fabrication of a tracking system with a 19-cm-diameter telescope and an acquisition/tracking/pointing control system are shown. A new method is introduced for producing light-weight and small equipment by a self-alignment mechanism and its implementation into the optics design is described.
We measured far-field patterns of on-board laser communication equipment (LCE) using a free-space laser transmission simulator. The LCE was developed by Communications Research Laboratories (CRL) for basic optical communications experiments using the Japan's Engineering Test Satellite-VI (ETS-VI), while the free-space simulator is being developed by ATR as an on-ground test system for laser communication terminals. Far-field patterns of an on-board laser communication terminal have measured experimentally by an on-ground test system for the first time. The LCE emitted a laser beam whose peak directive gain was 104.6 dB and whose beamwidth was 31 X 19 (mu) rad in full-width at half-maximum. It was confirmed that the transmitted beam of the LCE met the experimental requirements. Through the measurement, the free-space laser transmission simulator demonstrated its effectiveness in an on-ground measurement of the beam characteristics of a laser communication terminal.
An LD collimator was constructed, using an aspheric lens configuration for the transmitter of an optical intersatellite link. The design results show that the 5 mm diameter circular LD output beam whose rms wavefront aberration is better than (lambda) /100 is available in a two-or three-lens configuration. The first fabrication trial of the three-lens configuration achieved an rms wavefront aberration of better than (lambda) /16. This result proves that it is possible to obtain high wavefront performance, while reducing the required number of lenses when an aspheric lens configuration is adopted.
KEYWORDS: Optical simulations, Beam controllers, Diffraction, Free space optics, Antennas, Optical antennas, Free space optical communications, Radio optics, Laser applications, Near field optics
A ''free-space simulator for laser transmission'' is proposed for evaluating optical beam control subsystems for an optical intersatellite link. This method is based on the compact range approach which gives the far-field pattern (FFP) of the transmitted beam at a focal plane of the lens. The method allows the simulator to be placed in an in-house laboratory; the beam control systems can thus be evaluated easily, stably, and precisely. Experimental results show that the FFP of an optical beam emitted from an antenna is obtainable with accuracy on the order of microrads.
In optical communication links between GEO satellites, all optical beam control functions required for the transceiver may be realized without using external gimbals. Configuration of such a transceiver internal optical system can be designed considering the satellite dynamics in orbit. This paper presents a design of the transceiver internal optical systems, taking into account the accuracy of satellite station-keeping and attitude control as well as an orbital separation. An experimental optics was constructed on the basis of the results for a bidirectional link between satellites separated by about 60 deg in orbit. The attitude control accuracy of + or - 0.1 deg and the satellite station-keeping of + or - 0.1 deg were assumed. It can be utilized to develop a variety of beam-controlling schemes.
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