KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Waveguides, Second harmonic generation, Fabry Perot interferometers, Calibration, Supercontinuum generation, Sum frequency generation, Frequency combs
Next generation extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) instruments such as the ANDES spectrograph of the Extremely Large Telescope will require an unprecedentedly high-precision calibration approach, particularly in the UB band region in which the most dense stellar absorption lines are present. For this purpose, astrocombs delivering thousands of atomically referenced, evenly-spaced calibration lines across a broad spectrum have the potential to be ideal calibration sources. Here, we report a novel and effective approach to generating a laser frequency comb with a multi- GHz mode spacing covering a broad wavelength range in the UB band. The approach is based on nonlinear mixing between near-infrared ultrafast laser pulses in a MgO:PPLN waveguide. The generated 1-GHz comb, spanning 390–520 nm, was filtered to a 30 GHz sub-comb using a low-dispersion Fabry-Perot etalon. The resultant UB-band astrocomb was then captured on a lab-built cross-dispersion echelle-prism spectrograph, demonstrating well resolved comb lines across the etalon bandwidth of 392–472 nm.
We have previously reported robust zinc-indiffused MgO:PPLN ridge waveguides for field applications in quantum-enhanced gravimetry and navigation, generating 2.5W of 780nm light at 74% second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency. To tailor this process for different wavelengths and interactions, the effect of fabrication parameters on the waveguide mode shape and size from UV to MIR has been studied, with the aim to optimise mode matching between pump, SHG, and optical fibres to improve conversion efficiency, and reduce insertion loss in packaged devices.
We demonstrate a source of polarisation-entangled photons that produces pairs of entangled photons at a rate of 1.25 gigahertz. Our system is enabled by Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate waveguides that produce degenerate photon-pairs with a centre wavelength of 1560 nm and a 0.1 nm bandwidth. We measured the degree of entanglement and obtained a CHSH parameter of 2.73. From measurements of polarisation discrimination in a BB84 protocol with two mutually unbiased bases, we obtained a measurement fidelity of 98% and estimated the maximum secure key rate to be 0.633 gigabits per second.
We demonstrate Ultra-Violet (UV) light generation using a diode-pumped Alexandrite laser and its Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) via Zn-indiffused MgO:PPLN waveguides. A wavelength range of 375-393 nm is obtained using third order SHG in Λ = 6.1−6.9 μm poled waveguides. Up to 1.3 mW UV power is obtained from 185 mW throughput infrared power. We believe that the wavelength and transverse mode flexibility from these waveguides gives rise to a wide range of applications for an efficient and compact laser module in the UVA range.
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