We report a numerical investigation of the recently proposed (Nature 621, 2023, 746) high-speed μ-OLED optically pumped organic laser and confirm that in this configuration the threshold for quasi-CW lasing is much easier reached than in case of a direct-electrically pumped organic laser diode. With a new model for the electrically biased OLED, we simulate the generation of pulsed and quasi-CW light. This light is fed into the organic laser where it optically pumps the emitting organic medium The model is voltage-driven and includes field-enhanced Langevin recombination in the OLED, Stoke-shifted reabsorption in both the OLED and organic laser, with an optical cavity in the latter. We numerically demonstrate 3.5 kA/cm2 laser threshold current density, 1 GHz modulation and conjecture the capability of Gb/s data transmission with this device.
We report experimental and theoretical investigations with high-speed μ-OLEDs and demonstrate promising optical pulse responses as short as 400 ps using Alq3. These observations indicate that high-speed μ-OLEDs can be used for light communication in the GHz regime. The measurements are for in-house fabricated μ-OLEDs without cavity and size of 100 μm × 100 μm. With a validated model for an electrically pumped OLED, we simulate the generation of ultra-short optical pulses. The model includes Stoke-shifted reabsorption and field-enhanced Langevin recombination rate. For the Alq3 system we compare the results with the above-mentioned measurements. The good agreement between the measurement and the simulation is the basis for further study of the prospects for ultra-short dynamics and organic laser diode operation on the ps time scale.
We report the investigation of the influence of plasmonic aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs), randomly dispersed into the blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) subject to exciplex emission. The results show that, on the one hand, for the device without Al-NPs, two emission peaks at 437 and 470 nm attributed to excitons of the emitting layer (EML) and exciplexes formed at the hole transport layer/EML interface, respectively. On the other hand, for the device with Al-NPs, the exciplex emission has almost disappeared due to the localized surface plasmonic resonance effect. Moreover, the effective coupling between excitons and localized surface plamson of Al-NPs improved the radiative emission rate of the EML. We observed an enhancement of 50% of the luminous efficiency of the plasmonic-OLED device. In addition to that, the exciton lifetime of the reference sample without metallic nanoparticles is found 1.6 ns, whereas that of the plasmonic sample is prominently decreased to 0.7 ns, emphasizing the plasmonic effect of Al-NPs on the emission of our blue-OLEDs.
We have realized and characterized an optically pumped hybrid photonic crystal (PhC) L3 nanocavity made of an organic material as a gain medium and a Si3N4 two-dimensional PhC. The organic gain medium consists of a guest-host system with tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) as the hosting matrix doped with 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2–t-butyl-6(1,1,7,7–tetramethyljulolidyl–9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) as a guest. A laser emission at 662 nm with a threshold of 9.3 μJ/cm2 is experimentally observed. The impact of the organic layer thickness on the laser threshold is studied.
In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigate half-wavelength-thick Organic Light Emitting Diode
(OLED) in a vertical microcavity. The latter is based on a quarter-wavelength multilayer mirror on one side and a thin
aluminum semi-transparent layer on the other side. Two key parameters are studied for an optimal design of a cavity-
OLED: the organic layer and the metallic cathode thicknesses. The experimental study shows that a 627 nm peak
emission is obtained for a 127 nm-thick OLED hetero-structure. To achieve both desired optical transmission and
effective electron injection, we investigate the influence of the Al cathode thickness on the performance of the
microcavity devices. The experimental results are compared to those obtained by simulations of the emission spectra
using the transfer matrix method and taking into account the organic emitter position inside the cavity.
In this paper, we report the investigation of two-dimensional organic photonic crystal microcavity laser (2D OPCM). The
gain medium consists of an Alq3:DCJTB layer deposited on a planar Si3N4 photonic crystal microcavity. Both H2 and
L3 photonic crystal cavities are studied in terms of quality factor and the resonance wavelength by 3D FDTD
simulations. The structures are characterized under optical pumping by using a Nd:YAG frequency-tripled laser emitting
at 355 nm with a repetition frequency of 10 Hz and a pulse duration of 6 ns. A laser peak at 652 nm is observed for both
cavities with lasing thresholds of 0.014 nJ and 0.017 nJ for the H2 and the L3 cavities, respectively.
The optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) slabs based on self-assembled monolayer of
dielectric microspheres are studied. The in-plane transmission spectra of 2D array of dielectric spheres with triangular
lattice are investigated using the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. The structures studied are monolayer of
dielectric spheres infiltrated with air ('opals') and air spheres infiltrated with dielectric material ('inverse opals'), with
glass substrate sustaining the monolayer of spheres. The transmission spectra are calculated for different values of
refractive index contrasts between the spheres and the infiltrated material and for different values of filling fractions
(compactness of the spheres). As the refractive index is varied, compact spheres are assumed; and as the filling fraction
is varied, the refractive index of the dielectric spheres or the dielectric matrix is fixed to be 2.5. For compact opal
structure on glass substrate, a narrow photonic band gap (PBG) is observed in the transmission spectra for dielectric
spheres with refractive index higher than around 1.9. When the refractive index is fixed at 2.5, the PBG is observed for
more compact spherical arrangement and disappears for more separated spheres. While for inverse opal structure on
glass substrate, using non-compact spheres enlarges the width of PBG which is not observed for compact spherical
arrangement. The application of the study is to realize organic PhC microcavity laser.
In order to obtain a red emission with organic electroluminescent device, we realized multilayer structures using various Europium complexes as emitting layer. The multilayer structures were obtained with the emitting layer deposited on a ITO substrate; a 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) layer was used as hole blocking layer and a tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) layer as electron transport layer. Cathode of the devices was realized with a calcium layer covered with an protective aluminium layer.
Two different europium complexes have been tested:
Eu (TTA)3 phen (TTA = thenoyltrifluoroacetone),
Eu (DTP)3 (dipphen) (DTP = 1,3-di(2-thienyl)propane-1,3-dione, dipphen = 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)
The Europium complexes were inserted in a poly-9-vinylcarbazole (PVK) matrix and the "spin-coating" process was used to obtain the emitting layers.
The maximum emission of the OLEDs are centered around 610 nm according to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition of the rare earth. Europium complexes absorption spectra in chloroform and electroluminescence spectra are presented. Current-voltage and luminance-voltage characteristics are also presented and we discuss about the results obtained with various molar concentration of Europium complexes in the PVK matrix.
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