Dr. Mani Sundaram Profile

Dr. Mani Sundaram

CEO & President at QmagiQ, LLC

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (23)

Proceedings Article | 3 October 2024 Presentation

Presentation

Applications of T2SL barrier infrared detectors for SmallSat platforms (Conference Presentation)

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, William Johnson, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Cory Hill, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael Garay, Ashley Davies, Yuki Maruyama, Christopher David, Dan Manitakos, Robert Wright, Paul Lucey, Miguel Nunes, Charles Swenson, Lucas Anderson, Mani Sundaram, Jason Bundas, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume PC13146, PC1314606 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3028799

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Quantum efficiency, Superlattices, Thermography, Hyperspectral imaging, Diffusion, Venus, Sustainability, Staring arrays, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Dual and multi-spectral band SLS infrared camera systems

Murzy Jhabvala, Donald Jennings, Kyle Turck, Compton Tucker, Allen Lunsford, Christine Jhabvala, Analia Cillis, Joel Mccorkel, Jason Hair, Doug Morton, Dong Wu, Markus Loose, Fred Wang, Tilak Hewagama, Mani Sundaram, Jason Bundas, K. Choi, Corey Tucker

Proceedings Volume 12514, 1251404 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2666075

KEYWORDS: Dark current, Equipment, Optical filters, Spectral response, Infrared imaging, Readout integrated circuits, Quantum efficiency

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Based on the recent success of our strained-layer superlattice (SLS)-based infrared (IR) camera that performed Earth imaging from the International Space Station (ISS) in 2019 we have built, what we consider, to be the next generation multi-band SLS imaging system. The Compact Thermal Imager (CTI) was installed on the Robotic Refueling Mission 3 (RRM3) and attached to the exterior of the ISS. From this location we were able to capture 15 million images of a multitude of fires around the globe in 2019. This unexpected trove of data initiated quite a bit of scientific interest to further utilize this imaging capability but would include features to more precisely monitor terrestrial fires and other surface phenomena. To this end, we developed a technique to install specific bandpass filters directly onto the SLS detector hybrid assembly. Utilizing this technique we have built a CTI-2 camera system with two filters, 4 and 11μm, and have made a second detector assembly with six filter bands from 4- 12μm. This second system will also be used to supplement Landsat remote imaging monitoring approximate land surface temperatures, monitor evapotranspiration, sea ice and glacier dynamics. The CTI-2 camera is based on a 1,024x1,024 (1kx1k) format SLS detector hybridized to a FLIR ISC0404 readout integrated circuit (ROIC). The six band SLS focal plane array is based on the 640x512 FLIR ISC 9803 ROIC. This camera system is based on the Landsat 8 and 9 Thermal IR Sensors (TIRS) instrument and one of its purposes is to perform ground truthing for the Landsat 8/9 data at higher spectral resolution. Both Landsat TIRS instruments are dual band thermal IR sensors centered on 11 and 12μm (each with about a 1μm bandpass). Both of our SLS systems utilize a Ricor K548 cryocooler. To streamline costs and development time we used commercial optics and both commercial and custom NASA electronic components. A primary feature of these camera systems is the incorporation of specific filters to collect fire data at ~3.9μm and thermal data at ~11μm. The CTI- 2 instrument is designed for 37 m /pixel spatial resolution from 410km orbit (ISS orbit). In this paper, we will present the design and performance of the focal plane, optics, electronics and mechanical structure of the dual-band CTI-2 and the focal plane performance of the six-band focal plane.

Proceedings Article | 31 January 2020 Open Access

Open Access

Presentation + Paper

QWIPs, SLS, Landsat and the International Space Station

Murzy Jhabvala, Kwong-Kit Choi, Sarath Gunapala, Manijeh Razeghi, Mani Sundaram

Proceedings Volume 11288, 1128802 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2539147

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Laser sintering, Earth observing sensors, Landsat, Sensors, Cameras, Infrared imaging, Imaging systems, Detector development, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2019 Paper

Paper

GaSb-based infrared photodetector structures grown on Ge-Si substrates via metamorphic buffers

Joel Fastenau, Dmitri Lubyshev, Scott Nelson, Michael Kattner, Phillip Frey, Matt Fetters, Joe Zeng, Amy W. Liu, Aled Morgan, Stuart Edwards, Rich Dennis, Kim Beech, Doug Burrows, Kelly Patnaude, Ross Faska, Jason Bundas, Axel Reisinger, Mani Sundaram, Mark Furlong

Proceedings Volume 11002, 110020M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2521055

KEYWORDS: Gallium antimonide, Gallium arsenide, Silicon, Photodetectors, Semiconducting wafers, Quantum efficiency, Germanium

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Proceedings Article | 26 June 2017 Presentation

Presentation

Current performance of commercial antimony-based midwave and longwave infrared focal plane arrays (Conference Presentation)

Mani Sundaram

Proceedings Volume 10177, 101770Y (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2266309

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared radiation, Staring arrays, Infrared technology, Current controlled current source

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2012 Paper

Paper

1024 x 1024 LWIR SLS FPAs: status and characterization

Mani Sundaram, Axel Reisinger, Richard Dennis, Kelly Patnaude, Douglas Burrows, Jason Bundas, Kim Beech, Ross Faska, Dan Manitakos

Proceedings Volume 8353, 83530W (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.923442

KEYWORDS: Laser sintering, Quantum efficiency, Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Superlattices, Gallium antimonide, Infrared radiation, Sensor technology, Photodiodes, Indium arsenide

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Proceedings Article | 21 January 2012 Paper

Paper

Infrared imaging with quantum wells and strained layer superlattices

Mani Sundaram, Axel Reisinger, Richard Dennis, Kelly Patnaude, Douglas Burrows, Jason Bundas, Kim Beech, Ross Faska

Proceedings Volume 8268, 82682L (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.913965

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Laser sintering, Quantum efficiency, Infrared imaging, Superlattices, Infrared radiation, Long wavelength infrared, Gallium antimonide, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2011 Paper

Paper

Performance of the QWIP focal plane arrays for NASA's Landsat Data Continuity Mission

M. Jhabvala, K. Choi, A. Waczynski, A. La, M. Sundaram, E. Costard, C. Jhabvala, E. Kan, D. Kahle, R. Foltz, N. Boehm, M. Hickey, J. Sun, T. Adachi, N. Costen, L. Hess, H. Facoetti, M. Montanaro

Proceedings Volume 8012, 80120Q (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886274

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Sensors, Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Landsat, Optical filters, Gallium arsenide, Infrared sensors, Silicon, Earth observing sensors

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2010 Paper

Paper

SLS technology: the FPA perspective

Mani Sundaram, Axel Reisinger, Richard Dennis, Kelly Patnaude, Douglas Burrows, Jason Bundas, Kim Beech, Ross Faska

Proceedings Volume 7660, 76601P (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853662

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Laser sintering, Long wavelength infrared, Superlattices, Quantum efficiency, Gallium antimonide, Infrared radiation, Photodiodes, Indium arsenide, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2010 Paper

Paper

The QWIP focal plane assembly for NASA's Landsat Data Continuity Mission

M. Jhabvala, D. Reuter, K. Choi, M. Sundaram, C. Jhabvala, A. La, A. Waczynski, J. Bundas

Proceedings Volume 7660, 76603J (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849305

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Sensors, Landsat, Staring arrays, Imaging systems, Readout integrated circuits, Gallium arsenide, Interference (communication), Infrared sensors, Earth observing sensors

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2010 Paper

Paper

Absolute temperature measurements using a two-color QWIP focal plane array

Jason Bundas, Richard Dennis, Kelly Patnaude, Douglas Burrows, Ross Faska, Mani Sundaram, Axel Reisinger, Dan Manitakos

Proceedings Volume 7660, 76603R (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.852628

KEYWORDS: Medium wave, Cameras, Temperature metrology, Black bodies, Aluminum, Staring arrays, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Tantalum, Detection and tracking algorithms, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2008 Paper

Paper

nBn based infrared detectors using type-II InAs/(In,Ga)Sb superlattices

E. Plis, H. S. Kim, J. B. Rodriguez, G. Bishop, Y. Sharma, A. Khoshakhlagh, L. Dawson, J. Bundas, R. Cook, D. Burrows, R. Dennis, K. Patnaude, A. Reisinger, M. Sundaram, S. Krishna

Proceedings Volume 6940, 69400E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.780375

KEYWORDS: Stereolithography, Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Staring arrays, Gallium antimonide, Etching, Superlattices, Quantum efficiency, Heterojunctions

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2007 Paper

Paper

Demonstration of a two-color 320×256 quantum dots-in-a-well focal plane array

Eric Varley, David Ramirez, Jay Brown, Sang Jun Lee, Andreas Stintz, Michael Lenz, Sanjay Krishna, Axel Reisinger, Mani Sundaram

Proceedings Volume 6678, 66780T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.732566

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Sensors, Infrared radiation, Photodetectors, Quantum dots, Infrared photography, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Quantum wells

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2006 Paper

Paper

Two-color quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays

Jason Bundas, Kelly Patnaude, Richard Dennis, Douglas Burrows, Robert Cook, Axel Reisinger, Mani Sundaram, Robert Benson, James Woolaway, John Schlesselmann, Susan Petronio

Proceedings Volume 6206, 62060G (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.665803

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Readout integrated circuits, Staring arrays, Detector arrays, Forward looking infrared, Analog electronics, Imaging systems, Amplifiers, Indium

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2006 Paper

Paper

Multi-color IR sensors based on QWIP technology for security and surveillance applications

Mani Sundaram, Axel Reisinger, Richard Dennis, Kelly Patnaude, Douglas Burrows, Robert Cook, Jason Bundas

Proceedings Volume 6203, 620307 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673679

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Staring arrays, Target detection, Readout integrated circuits, Medium wave, Sensors, Infrared radiation, Security technologies, Infrared imaging, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 17 July 2000 Paper

Paper

Two-color QWIP FPAs

Mani Sundaram, Samuel Wang

Proceedings Volume 4028, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391743

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Staring arrays, Quantum efficiency, Readout integrated circuits, Quantum wells, Gallium arsenide, Sensors, Metals, Medium wave, Etching

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Proceedings Article | 17 July 2000 Paper

Paper

Dual-band QWIP MWIR/LWIR focal plane array test results

Arnold Goldberg, Theodore Fischer, Stephen Kennerly, Samuel Wang, Mani Sundaram, Parvez Uppal, Michael Winn, Gregory Milne, Mark Stevens

Proceedings Volume 4028, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391740

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Staring arrays, Image fusion, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Sensors, Temperature metrology, Polarization, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 1997 Paper

Paper

Long-wavelength 640 x 484 GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array camera

Sarath Gunapala, Sumith Bandara, John Liu, Winn Hong, Mani Sundaram, Ronald Carralejo, C. Shott, Paul Maker, Richard Muller

Proceedings Volume 3061, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.280393

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Cameras, Gallium arsenide, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Silicon, Multiplexers, Quantum efficiency, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 1997 Paper

Paper

Applications of long-wavelength 256 x 256 quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) handheld camera

Sarath Gunapala, Timothy Krabach, Sumith Bandara, John Liu, Mani Sundaram

Proceedings Volume 3061, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.280347

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Cameras, Staring arrays, Sensors, Infrared imaging, Infrared cameras, Minimum resolvable temperature difference, Thermography, Gallium arsenide, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 1996 Paper

Paper

Long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) research at Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Sarath Gunapala, John Liu, Mani Sundaram, Sumith Bandara, C. Shott, Theodore Hoelter, Paul Maker, Richard Muller

Proceedings Volume 2744, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.243515

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Sensors, Cameras, Staring arrays, Gallium arsenide, Quantum wells, Mirrors, Absorption, Temperature metrology, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 17 June 1996 Paper

Paper

Long-wavelength 256x256 QWIP handheld camera

Sarath Gunapala, John Liu, Mani Sundaram, Sumith Bandara, C. Shott, Theodore Hoelter, Paul Maker, Richard Muller

Proceedings Volume 2746, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.243033

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Sensors, Cameras, Staring arrays, Reflectors, Gallium arsenide, Mirrors, Electrons, Quantum wells, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 1993 Paper

Paper

Far-Infrared nonlinear response of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures

Mark Sherwin, N. Asmar, William Bewley, Keith Craig, C. Felix, B. Galdrikian, Elisabeth Gwinn, Andrea Markelz, Arthur Gossard, P. Hopkins, Mani Sundaram, Bjorn Birnir

Proceedings Volume 1854, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148044

KEYWORDS: Electrons, Free electron lasers, Absorption, Quantum wells, Nanostructures, Heterojunctions, Semiconductors, Nonlinear response, Phonons, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 1 October 1990 Paper

Paper

Wide graded potential wells: growth, electrical properties and theoretical results

Klaus Ensslin, Achim Wixforth, Mani Sundaram, John English, Arthur Gossard

Proceedings Volume 1285, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.20808

KEYWORDS: Aluminum, Capacitance, Semiconductors, Quantum wells, Electrodes, Thin films, Analog electronics, Gallium arsenide, Camera shutters, Dielectrics

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Showing 5 of 23 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (1)

Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications XII

14 April 2025 | Orlando, Florida, United States

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