Organic electro-optic (EO) materials are the materials of choice for high speed optical modulators with modulation
frequencies greater than 100 GHz. This is due to the large EO effects observed and a low material dispersion
of the dielectric constant resulting in a very small velocity mismatch between the optical and electrical waves.
However, the implementation of organic materials into real devices has been hindered by several factors such
as an insufficient long-term thermal and photochemical stability of the widely investigated poled polymers or
the lack of available structuring techniques for the inherently superior organic EO crystalline materials. Here
we report on the realization of integrated organic EO single-crystalline Mach-Zehnder modulators by a recently
developed melt based channel growth technique. The main fabrication concept is to grow the organic EO singlecrystals
from the melt directly in pre-structured and electroded waveguide channels, which were obtained by
standard optical lithographic techniques and wafer bonding. By this method single crystal structure details
with a size below 30 nm have been achieved and the growth of single-crystalline Mach-Zehnder modulators
has been successfully demonstrated, where we have chosen DAT2 (2-(3-(2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)vinyl)-5,5-
dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile) as EO material. The half-wave voltage × length product determined
in the DAT2 based Mach-Zehnder modulators has been found to be 78 ± 2 Vcm for TE-modes and 60 ±1 Vcm
for TM-modes at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. The accuracy and reproducibility of the process allowed also for the
realization of the first EO single-crystalline microring resonator in an organic material.
We report on the fabrication of ion-sliced single-crystalline lithium niobate thin films and realization of electro-optically
tunable microring resonators and photonic bandgap structures for high-density integrated optics devices. Using a home-built
high-resolution laser lithography system we structured microring resonators with a free spectral range of > 7 nm, a
quality factor of up to 10'000, and a tunability of 1 pm/V at wavelengths around 1.55 μm. Moreover, we show that the
fabricated microrings can be detached from the original substrate and transferred onto any host substrate. This opens new
possibilities for building hybrid integrated optics devices based on lithium niobate microrings and laterally or vertically
coupled waveguides of different materials. Combining the laser lithography patterning and focused ion beam milling we
have also fabricated planar photonic crystals structures. Triangular lattices of holes with a diameter of 240 nm and a
separation of 500 nm exhibit a photonic bandgap in the wavelength range from 1390 and 1500 nm with an extinction
ratio of up to 15 dB.
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