A wavelength selective add-drop multiplexer utilizing a directional coupler loaded with a first order Bragg grating can be
realized both in fiber and planar technologies. Specifically for the planar case, we detail a systematic design procedure
leading from general assumptions concerning the functional parameters of the device down to geometrical dimensions of
the resulting planar microstructure. The functional parameters include: channel spectral width and channel isolation. The
resulting dimensions are: waveguides etch depth, grating etch depth and lengths of apodized-grating trenches. Grating
apodization profile of the form sin^n is assumed. Design curves are presented, enabling an optimal choice of the
apodization profile's exponent n considering a tradeoff between the required channel isolation and the resulting grating
length.
We present results of numerical modeling of photonic crystal (PhC) structures fabricated in gallium nitride (GaN). GaN
is a wide band gap semiconductor material with large refractive index and very good thermal and mechanical properties,
so it is considered a valuable candidate for photonic crystal application - in particular for devices exposed to the harsh
environment. In this paper are considered the ideal 2D PhC with infinite high for a different lattice structures and
calculated optical band gap maps for each. We also calculated air-bridge type slab and "sandwich-type" PhC slabs with
finite height. The dependence of transmission and reflection spectra on holes size, width and profile of "sandwich-type"
PhC slab structure are investigated. All calculations were performed using plane wave expansion method (PWE) and
finite difference time domain method (FDTD).
Results of the Discrete Layer Peeling (DLP) inverse scattering algorithm do not directly correspond to Bragg grating's
technological parameters. We propose a method of transforming a stack of discrete complex reflectors resulting from
DLP into physical and geometrical parameters of a Bragg grating suitable for fabrication in planar technology.
Particularly, the method keeps lengths of grating sections (teeth and grooves) above a required technological minimum.
While the stack of complex reflectors is a natural output DLP, it can also be computed from a space distribution of the
complex coupling coefficient determined in other ways.
Efficient optical modulators and switches are the key elements of the future all-optical fiber networks. Aside from numerous advantages, the integrated optical devices suffer from excessive longitudinal dimensions. The dimensions may be significantly reduced with help of periodic structures, such as Bragg gratings, arrayed waveguides or multilayer structures. In this paper we describe methods of analysis and example of analytical results of a photonic switch with properties modified by the application of periodic change of effective refractive index. The switch is composed of a strip-waveguide directional coupler and a transversal Bragg grating.
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