We investigate the performance of state of the art universal steganalyzers proposed in the literature. These universal steganalyzers are tested against a number of well-known steganographic embedding techniques that operate in both the spatial and transform domains. Our experiments are performed using a large data set of JPEG images obtained by randomly crawling a set of publicly available websites. The image data set is categorized with respect to size, quality, and texture to determine their potential impact on steganalysis performance. To establish a comparative evaluation of techniques, undetectability results are obtained at various embedding rates. In addition to variation in cover image properties, our comparison also takes into consideration different message length definitions and computational complexity issues. Our results indicate that the performance of steganalysis techniques is affected by the JPEG quality factor, and JPEG recompression artifacts serve as a source of confusion for almost all steganalysis techniques.
In the past few years, we have witnessed a number of powerful steganalysis technique proposed in the literature. These technique could be categorized as either specific or universal. Each category of techniques has a set of advantages and disadvantages. A steganalysis technique specific to a steganographic embedding technique would perform well when tested only on that method and might fail on all others. On the other hand, universal steganalysis methods perform less accurately overall but provide acceptable performance in many cases. In practice, since the steganalyst will not be able to know what steganographic technique is used, it has to deploy a number of techniques on suspected stego objects. In such a setting the most important question that needs to be answered is: What should the steganalyst do when the decisions produced by different steganalysis techniques are in contradiction? In this work, we propose and investigate information fusion techniques, that combine a number of steganalysis techniques. We start by reviewing possible fusion techniques which are applicable to steganalysis. Then we illustrate, through a number of case studies, how one is able to obtain performance improvements as well as scalability by employing suitable fusion techniques.
There have been a number of steganography embedding techniques proposed over the past few years. In turn the development of these
techniques have led to an increased interest in steganalysis techniques. More specifically Universal steganalysis techniques have become more attractive since they work independently of the embedding technique. In this work, our goal is to compare a number of universal steganalysis techniques proposed in the literature which include techniques based on binary similarity measures, wavelet coefficients' statistics, and DCT based image features. These universal steganalysis techniques are tested against a number of well know embedding techniques, including Outguess, F5, Model based, and perturbed quantization. Our experiments are done using a large dataset of JPEG images, obtained by randomly crawling a
set of publicly available websites. The image dataset is categorized with respect to the size and quality. We benchmark embedding rate versus detectability performances of several widely used embedding as well as universal steganalysis techniques. Furthermore, we provide a framework for benchmarking future techniques.
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