The seasonal variability of aerosol composition was studied according to three-year field observations in Moscow and one of its suburbs from the autumn 2019 by the autumn 2022. A high correlation has been established between the aerosol concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 fractions both in Moscow and in the suburb, as well as between these points for each fraction. Taking into account the seasons, meteorological conditions and sources, the level of aerosol pollution of near-surface atmospheric layer, typical for Moscow metropolis and the suburb, has been determined. Two identical groups of chemical elements were identified in the near-surface aerosol for the city and the suburb at any time of the year – terrigenous (Th, Al, U, La, Li, Sr, Ba, Mg, Fe, Cs, Co, Mn, Cr, K, Ca) and non-terrigenous (Mo, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, S, Sb, Cd, Se, Bi).
We study the composition of near-surface aerosol in the center of Moscow and in its suburb (near Zvenigorod - west of Moscow) in the period 25.03-03.05.2020. The concentrations of different aerosol size-fractions, as well as the concentrations and enrichment factors of a number of chemical elements of different genesis, their correlations and particle size distributions are managed, in addition to source emissions, by long-range atmospheric transport of air masses and meteorological parameters. During the observation period, both points were in the similar meteorological and synoptic conditions, which caused high correlations of mass concentrations of different aerosol fractions between the city and the suburb. In the last days of March, the regional atmospheric transport of smoke and dust aerosols from neighboring areas with multiple biomass fires created a sharp increase in the total aerosol content and its chemical element concentrations in the air both in the city (the daily MPC value for PM10 particles was exceeded) and in the suburb. The first estimates of the spring rates of removing aerosols of different sizes and individual chemical elements from the atmosphere with air humidity increase were made for Moscow region. The conditions forming the composition of near-surface atmospheric aerosol in megapolis and in its suburb are discussed.
The elemental composition of near-surface aerosol was determined in Kislovodsk city and on Shatzhatmaz mountain plateau (North Caucasus) in 2010-2017. The accumulation coefficients of chemical elements in components of geochemical high-mountain landscape (surface aerosol, soil) show the increased concentrations of lithogenic elements typical for this region (Al, Na, Mg, Ka, Ca, Fe). In its turn, the technogenic elements (phosphorus, sulfur, heavy metals) are also available both in aerosols, and in soils at both observation points. We analyze the impacts of local anthropogenic sources and pollution transport with air masses from neighboring regions.
The results of experimental studies of the microphysical parameters of aerosol particles in the surface layer of the atmosphere of southeastern Crimea, performed in September 2018 - June 2019 at the background environmental monitoring station (BEMS) of the T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station. The dispersed composition and counting concentration of aerosol particles in the range of 0.15 -5 µm are determined. The mass concentration of aerosol PM5 particles ranged from 5 to 80 mg /m3 . An elemental composition analysis of aerosols taken on filters during primary measurements was performed.
The results on elemental composition of the surface aerosols in Moscow region were studied from the data of the integrated autumn experiment. Elemental composition of aerosol particles in the atmosphere of Moscow сity and in the suburb in the fall 2019 under unusual weather conditions are presented. The average daily mass concentration and fractional composition are compared with synoptic and meteorological factors, as well as with local aerosol sources. Meteorological conditions and local sources play great roles in forming aerosol elemental composition variability and its mass concentration.
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