Magnetic trapping and optical manipulation of micro-particles are combined in superfluid helium. Irradiation of pulsed light to a magnetically trapped superconducting particle causes simple damped oscillation of the particle. The analysis of the trajectory gives rise to the estimation of viscosity of the superfluid helium along with some properties of the trapped particle.
A spherical superconducting micro-particle generated by laser ablation in superfluid helium is trapped in a quadrupole magnetic field. Utilizing the property that the particle is isolated in space, observation of the Mie scattering from this particle has been carried out. Analyzing the results, information on the optical properties of superconducting microparticle and their shapes at helium temperature have been deduced.
We successfully demonstrated the manipulation of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with a diameter of nearly 6 nm in organic solvent at room temperature by applying an intense electric field (1.7 MV/m) under resonant optical excitation (the wavelength 532nm). From the time-variation of the quantum dot distribution monitored by fluorescence imaging, it was experimentally found that the quantum dots gather around the local maximum of the electric field intensity and the potential energy applied on the quantum dot under the optical excitation is estimated to be nearly 400 K, which is approximately 20 times larger than that expected with conventional dielectrophoresis. Such a large potential energy is considered to be due to the Stark effect of the exciton created in the optically excited quantum dot.
Laser ablation in superfluid helium, having extremely low temperature, negligibly small viscosity, huge thermal conductivity, and high transparency in visible region, provides us a unique opportunity to fabricate novel microstructures and control their motion. We have successfully fabricated nano and micro spheres of semiconductors by the laser ablation in the superfluid helium with a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser. [Scientific Reports 4, 5186 (2014).] Recently, we applied this method to metals, such as indium and rhenium, which show superconductivity at low temperature. To select superconducting particles, we utilized perfect diamagnetism caused by Meissner effect, designing a magnetic trap with two permanent magnets for the superconducting particles. Thus we fabricated and trapped a single or several superconducting particles after the laser ablation in the superfluid helium [Applied Physics Express 10, 022701(2017).] Here we successfully control the positions of the magnetically trapped superconducting particles, by irradiating a laser to them. The particles were pushed away from their original trapped positions and after the irradiation released from the displaced positions, moving along the force of the trapping potential and the viscosity force of the superfluid helium. By tracking the particles motion we can deduce physical properties of the superfluid helium and trapped particles. Thus the optical fabrication and manipulation of the superconducting micro particles provide us a unique opportunity to investigate superfluidity and superconductivity.
We have produced superconducting sub-micron particles by laser ablation in superfluid helium and trapped them using quadrupole magnetic field due to the diamagnetism.
To realize optical manipulation and measurement for isolated quantum dots (QDs) in gaseous phase, we are developing experimental apparatus for dispersing QDs into a gas by using droplets of organic solvents. The droplet was generated with a nebulizer using a piezoelectric element and was monitored by observing the scattered light. The time variation of the QD density was also monitored by observing the fluorescence from the QDs. In the case of the diethyl ether solution of CdSe/ZnS core-shell type QDs, it was confirmed that the evaporation of the droplet was enhanced with a liquid-nitrogen trap and its typical lifetime was roughly 30 s, which was considered to be determined from the descent by the force of the gravity, the evaporation, and the diffusion.
Superfluid helium having extremely low temperature, negligibly small viscosity, and huge thermal conductivity provides us a unique opportunity to generate a novel cryogenic space for the fabrication of nanostructures and the manipulation of their motion. Here we fabricated metallic nano- and micro-particles by laser ablation in superfluid helium and selectively trapped superconducting particles with a quadrupole magnetic field utilizing perfect diamagnetism caused by Meissner effect. We also discuss the size dependence of the superconducting transition temperatures of the trapped metallic particles by changing the temperature of liquid helium.
We have produced superconducting sub-micron particles by laser ablation in
superfluid helium and trapped them using quadrupole magnetic field due to the diamagnetism.
The emission spectra of CdSe/ZnS core-shell dots have been monitored after the dilution of their toluene solution with organic
solvents (toluene, n-hexane, diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, and methanol). In addition to the well-known difference of the emission
efficiency according to the solvent, we found their time variation depending on the solvent. From the discussion based on the solubility
of the capping organic ligand, hexadecylamine (HDA), to each solvent it is suggested that the observed time variation is caused by the
liquation of the capping molecules form the dot surface and the resulting change of the number of the trap site for charges in the
quantum dot.
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