KEYWORDS: Genetics, Diseases and disorders, Education and training, Diagnostics, Data modeling, Leukemia, Image segmentation, Image processing, Image analysis, Cancer detection
Chromosomal translocations involve the exchange of segments between non-homologous chromosomes. The Philadephia chromosome, known as t(9;22) abnormality, is an example of translocation linked with chronic myeloid leukemias. This study leverages the capabilities of a modified Siamese architecture for the automated detection of this translocation. Highlighting its superior image recognition capabilities, this modified Siamese architecture, an innovative alternative to conventional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), processes images by effectively capturing both local and global image details without the inherent biases found in traditional image analysis methods. This work underscores the specific capabilities and advantages of the proposed Siamese architecture, emphasizing its crucial role in overcoming the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods in identifying the t(9;22) translocation, and its potential to significantly enhance genetic diagnostics.
While RGB imaging is reaching its limits, Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is being widely used especially for medical applications. This study points out the ability of HSI technique to help in planning the surgical procedure in orthopedic surgery by automatically identifying anatomical structures and surgical instruments thanks to their spectral signatures. Four segmentation methods have been explored: (i) average spectra method that uses the Euclidean distance between the spectrum of each pixel and the average spectrum of each specific structure, (ii) segmentation using kmeans, (iii) segmentation based on indices in which we identify reflectances ratios at specific wavelengths that allow materials to be correctly classified, (iv) and finally a pixel-based classification method based on neural networks. Experiments on anatomical objects whose physical characteristics are known to have been carried out. Selecting specific wavelengths to reduce the cost of the final device was also discussed.
KEYWORDS: Education and training, Genetics, Diseases and disorders, Computer vision technology, Visual process modeling, Image analysis, Data modeling, Cancer detection, Cancer, Performance modeling
Cancer, hematological malignancies and inherited genetic diseases can be diagnosed by detecting chromosome abnormalities. This detection is crucial for the management and follow-up of these diseases. Biologically, there are two categories of chromosome abnormalities: either in their number or in their structure. The process of karyotyping involves creating an ordered representation of the 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each given pair presents a specific band pattern, where both chromosomes are identical, in normal cases. Karyotype images are manually analyzed by qualified cytogeneticists to detect any changes on chromosomes. Based on computer vision methods, it is possible to automate the detection of chromosome abnormalities, which can assist cytogeneticists in the diagnosis process. In the literature, little research has been done to automate the detection of structural abnormalities based on computer vision techniques. In this study, we are interested in the detection of a specific abnormality: the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, named del(5q) deletion. We focused our work on the use of the convolutional neural network (CNN) approach, which has shown its ability to provide reliable solutions in computer vision problems. On a collected database, we trained three CNN models to test their ability to differentiate between a healthy and an deleted chromosome 5. The highest performance was provided by VGG19, achieving an accuracy of 98.66%, a sensitivity of 89.33% and specificity of 100%.
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