Optical and mobile broadband services have been widely adopted to support various applications including center-to-end and end-to-end communications. This raises further expectations for more and more natural and realistic communications by increasing network bandwidth and reducing latency. To support this evolution, 6G mobile is intended to increase the bandwidth to much over 10 Gbit/s and reducing the end-to-end latency to less than 1 ms. However, electrical processing is the key bottleneck to drastically increasing the bandwidth and reducing the latency in the current network architecture especially when the explosion of power consumption needs to be avoided. This paper discusses future optical network architectures and technologies to resolve the issue. In particular, it focuses on photonic networking to minimize the electrical processing across metro and access sections, and describes the technical challenges.
KEYWORDS: Quadrature amplitude modulation, Phase shift keying, Modulation, Stars, Signal attenuation, Thick film dielectric electroluminescent technology, Modulators, Semiconductor lasers, Systems modeling, Digital signal processing
In this paper, we study the performance of star quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals with various
constellations for hierarchically-modulated PON systems that overlay an over 20-Gbps PSK signal on a 10-Gbps on-off
keying (OOK) signal; previous work examined only the performance of an 8-star QAM signal. A star QAM signal
consists of a PSK signal with lower amplitude (inner-PSK signal) and a PSK signal with higher amplitude (outer-PSK
signal). We propose to decrease the modulation level of the inner-PSK signal and increase that of the outer-PSK signal
with the goal of improving the bit error rate performance in some conditions. Simulations indicate the minimum required
received power for the various constellations examined: it is shown that effective design depends on the extinction ratio.
For example, 10-star QAM improves the minimum required received power by 3 dB compared to 8-star QAM when the
extinction ratio is 12 dB.
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