We report firsthand on innovative developments in non-invasive, biophotonic techniques for a wide range of diagnostic,
imaging and treatment options, including the recognition and quantification of cancerous, pre-cancerous cells and
chronic inflammatory conditions. These techniques have benefited from the ability to target the affected site by both
monochromatic light and broad multiple wavelength spectra. The employment of such wavelength or color-specific
properties embraces the fluorescence stimulation of various photosensitizing drugs, and the instigation and detection of
identified fluorescence signatures attendant upon laser induced fluorescence (LIF) phenomena as transmitted and
propagated by precancerous, cancerous and normal tissue. In terms of tumor imaging and therapeutic and treatment
options, we have exploited the abilities of various wavelengths to penetrate to different depths, through different types of
tissues, and have explored quantifiable absorption and reflection characteristics upon which diagnostic assumptions can
be reliably based and formulated. These biophotonic-based diagnostic, sensing and imaging techniques have also
benefited from, and have been further enhanced by, the integrated ability to provide various power levels to be employed
at various stages in the procedure. Applications are myriad, including non-invasive, non destructive diagnosis of in vivo
cell characteristics and functions; light-based tissue analysis; real-time monitoring and mapping of brain function and of
tumor growth; real time monitoring of the surgical completeness of tumor removal during laser-imaged/guided brain
resection; diagnostic procedures based on fluorescence life-time monitoring, the monitoring of chronic inflammatory
conditions (including rheumatoid arthritis), and continuous blood glucose monitoring in the control of diabetes.
We at Fibersense and Signals are pleased to report the research and development of novel multiple-wavelength and multi-spectral techniques and devices to distinguish glucose from a comprehensive panel of other spectrally evident and interactive blood components such as: albumin, salts, urea and amino acids. A highly selective, glucose-specific bio-spectroscopic technique has been developed to provide clinically-relevant information regarding glucose concentrations. Furthermore, this work has resulted in novel multi-wavelength technology and techniques for the non-invasive detection and continuous non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose levels. As a developer of fiber optic, photonic and laser-related products as well as optical test and measurement instrumentation, Fibersense has used an essentially problem-solving approach to address practical issues that have long hindered progress in non-invasive glucose detection and monitoring, and has overcome the limitations of previous techniques. We have fabricated and optimized optical sources for this application, specifically with respect to useful wavelength ranges, transmittance rates, reflectance, absorption and scattering/dispersion. We have also characterized a multi-wavelength combination and procedure to address and screen out the spectral overlapping of glucose and common blood compounds within physiological criteria. Furthermore, attention has been paid to the viable optical launching of effective wavelengths and the ultra-sensitive optical pick up and detection within very tight wavelength margins to generate useful blood glucose information. The culmination of these techniques has been the design and fabrication of miniaturized, non-invasive multi-channel glucose sensors with dynamic self-calibration features for use in in vitro and experimental in vivo applications.
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