Dr. Ratnesh Kumar Gupta Profile

Dr. Ratnesh Kumar Gupta

Postdoctoral Research Associate at Univ Stuttgart

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2012 Paper

A balanced, phase sensitive back-focal plane interferometry technique to determine dynamics of a trapped bead in optical tweezers

Basudev Roy, Sambit Bikas Pal, Arijit Haldar, Ratnesh Kumar Gupta, Nirmalya Ghosh, Ayan Banerjee

Proceedings Volume 8424, 84241Q (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.921360

KEYWORDS: Phase measurement, Interferometers, Microscopes, Bragg cells, Motion measurement, Interferometry, Optical tweezers, Sensors, Photodiodes, Glasses

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Back-focal plane interferometry is typically used to determine displacements of a trapped bead which lead to trapping force measurements in optical tweezers. In most cases, intensity shifts of the back-scattered interference pattern due to displacements of the bead are measured by a position sensitive detector placed in the microscope back-focal plane. However, in intensity-based measurements, the axial displacement resolution is typically worse than the lateral resolution since for axial displacements, the inherent resolution of the position detector cannot be used. In this paper, we demonstrate that measurement of the phase of the back-scattered light yields high axial displacement resolution, and can also be used for lateral displacement measurement. In our experiments, we separate out the back-scattered light from the trapped bead and reflected light from the top surface of the sample chamber by a confocal arrangement consisting of a spatial filter used in combination with two apertures. We proceed to beat the two separated components in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer where we employ balanced detection to improve our fringe contrast, and thus the sensitivity of the phase measurement. For lateral displacement sensing, we match experimental results to within 10% with a theoretical simulation determining the shift of the overall phase contour of the back-scattered light due to a given lateral displacement by using plane wave decomposition in conjunction with Mie scattering theory. Our technique is also able to track the Brownian motion of trapped beads from the phase jitter so that, similar to intensity-based measurements, we can use it to determine the spring constant of the trap, and thus the trapping force. The sensitivity of our technique is limited by path drifts of the external interferometer which we have currently stabilized by locking it to a frequency stabilized diode laser to obtain displacement measurement resolution ~200 pm.

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