Dr. T.H. Jeong stated that "the only business in the world that will never go down is the business ofeducating our young!". Although there has been some attrition, holography education in the US still offers a wide range ofavailability, everything from University research to independent Workshops. Many ofthese concerns also have web-sites on the Internet that help to inform students ofall ages and the general public about the history ofholography, recent developments and research. The Internet seems to be both a blessing and a curse. It allows students to access a wealth of information however more and more students are drawn to the high recognition ofthe computer industry at large, availability ofjobs, pay scale and growth potential which is currently overshadowing many other areas of science, technology and art. Perhaps it is obvious to state that those programs that explore the ways the two fields, holography and computers, work together is destined to bear fruit. More and more institutions appear to be moving ciriculum in that direction. The availability ofcheap and good low-power semiconductor diode lasers (laser pointers) has helped to reignite an interest in holography among the younger set particularly among grade school, middle school and high school students and educators.
The authors discuss the transfer of human figurative imagery originated with a pulsed ruby laser into dichromate gelatin (DCG) emulsion. Human figurative imagery (live subject matter) has been recorded holographically with pulse laser systems, most commonly with pulsed ruby and frequency doubled Yag lasers using silver halide emulsion due to the short end reciprocity failure of other recording materials. Since the DCG reflection transfer is exposed at 488 nm and the silver transmission master recording is at 694 nm, two of the major considerations for transfers is frequency shift and image size in the DCG hologram. As a display medium, DCG holography is conventionally produced in small format recordings. The authors discuss methods for reducing the imagery optically to better accommodate a small-scale hologram. A reduced image, where the projected image is compressed can work within the constraints of a broad-banded DCG reflection hologram (white/pink coloration), whose limitation of depth, about 2.5 to 3' or 5 to 8 cm has made recording of one to one scale human figurative imagery prohibitive. DCG reflection holograms, volumetric holograms, tend to exhibit a short depth of field and the more broad banded (white in coloration) the more severe the chromatic aberrations in the z-axis. The reduction methods offer image compression in particular with the lens system between H1 and H2, in which case the image from H1 is compressed in the X and Y axis and most importantly in the Z axis. The longitudinal (z-axis) reduction shrinkage is square to that of the transverse reduction. The authors consider the visual appeal and increased efficiency in the final transfer DCG hologram to be well worth the effort. A practical approach is emphasized.
Techniques used to create several large format, 50 X 60 cm, silver halide masters for transfer into a large format, 45 X 54 cm, DCG hologram are discussed. The subject, a fossilized dinosaur egg, is one of the largest such artifacts ever found. In order to present all facets of the subject, the outer egg shell, the articulated embryo bones and a model of an artist's concept of the embryo inside the shell, several masters were produced to create in the end a double exposure, multichannel transfer image. An emphasis is placed on a practical approach to the production of the holograms.
A well known two step technique produces a full aperture achromatic transmission hologram however this hologram is known for its limitation in depth and chromatic aberration. A reduced image technique where the projected image is compressed into the achromate's narrow viewing zone makes the production of full aperture achromates worth reconsidering. The reduced image technique is particularly suited to the open aperture achromate method and can be very visually striking. The authors will discuss both techniques and how they compliment each other and will mention how they offer applications for the production of embossed and DCG holograms. Emphasis is placed on a practical approach.
A preliminary introduction to holography geared towards artists and the general public is discussed. The method is based on a participatory approach that relates holography to psychology/perception, science/physics, and art/imaging. The overall intention is designed to break down unconscious assumptions.
The first holographic portrait of a President of the United States of America was recorded on May 24, 1991, in Santa Barbara, CA. Ronald Reagan was the subject. The event was the first in a project that began some five years ago with the aim of producing an archive of Presidential pulsed holographic portraits. The authors discuss the inception and evolution of the project. They describe the unique interactions, communications and scheduling as well as trials and triumphs involved in recording a holographic portrait of such a prominent public figure.
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