Prof. Robert M. Haralick Profile

Prof. Robert M. Haralick

at Graduate Ctr CUNY

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (45)

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 2005

Optimal ridge orientation estimator using integrated second directional derivative

Desikachari Nadadur, Robert Haralick, David Gustafson

JEI, Vol. 14, Issue 02, 023012, (April 2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1901683

KEYWORDS: Ridge detection, Interference (communication), Digital imaging, Sensors, Image analysis, Medical imaging, Statistical analysis, Ultrasonography, Image segmentation, Image enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 31 July 2002 Paper

Optimal multidimensional quantization for pattern recognition

Mingzhou Song, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 4875, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477142

KEYWORDS: Quantization, Expectation maximization algorithms, Genetic algorithms, Pattern recognition, Optimization (mathematics), Data modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Error analysis, Polonium, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 6 June 2000 Paper

Validating image-processing algorithms

Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 3979, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.387678

KEYWORDS: Image analysis, Statistical analysis, Image processing, Algorithm development, Error analysis, Image registration, Atrial fibrillation, Feature extraction, Imaging systems, Matrices

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 2000

FLIR ATR using location uncertainty

Gang Liu, Robert Haralick

JEI, Vol. 9, Issue 02, (April 2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.482738

KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Forward looking infrared, Automatic target recognition, Target detection, Target recognition, Signal to noise ratio, Image segmentation, Algorithm development, Sensors, Error analysis

Proceedings Article | 23 September 1999 Open Access

Principles of covariance propagation

Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 3811, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.364086

KEYWORDS: Machine vision, Computer vision technology, Visual process modeling, Error analysis, Feature extraction, 3D modeling, Lithium, Statistical analysis, Cameras, Intelligence systems

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 1997 Paper

Recursive binary dilation using digital line-structuring elements in arbitrary orientations

Desikachari Nadadur, Robert Haralick, Florence Sheehan

Proceedings Volume 3026, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.271112

KEYWORDS: Binary data, Mathematical morphology, Image processing, Tolerancing, Surgery, Sun, Algorithm development, Ultraviolet radiation, Electrical engineering, Medicine

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Proceedings Article | 3 April 1997 Paper

Performance evaluation of document layout analysis algorithms on the UW data set

Jisheng Liang, Ihsin Phillips, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 3027, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.270067

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Detection and tracking algorithms, Data modeling, Databases, Error analysis, Image processing algorithms and systems, Statistical analysis, Algorithm development, Matrices, Image processing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 1996 Open Access

Guest Editorial: Digital Document Imaging

Robert Loce, Robert Haralick, Luc Vincent

JEI, Vol. 5, Issue 02, (April 1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.256543

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image processing, Document imaging, Electrical engineering, Optical character recognition, Algorithm development, Image restoration, Digital image processing, Imaging systems, Image enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 1996 Paper

Extraction of text lines and text blocks on document images based on statistical modeling

Su Chen, Robert Haralick, Ihsin Phillips

Proceedings Volume 2660, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.234699

KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Statistical analysis, Astatine, Binary data, Statistical modeling, Algorithm development, Performance modeling, Palladium, Image segmentation, Image processing algorithms and systems

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 1996 Paper

Document image restoration using binary morphological filters

Jisheng Liang, Robert Haralick, Ihsin Phillips

Proceedings Volume 2660, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.234709

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Digital filtering, Optical character recognition, Image restoration, Image processing, Algorithm development, Detection and tracking algorithms, Optimal filtering, Nonlinear filtering, Linear filtering

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 1996 Paper

Document zone classification using sizes of connected components

Jisheng Liang, Ihsin Phillips, Jaekyu Ha, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 2660, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.234719

KEYWORDS: Mathematics, Halftones, Databases, Image classification, Image processing, Image analysis, Solids, Error analysis, Electrical engineering, Computer science

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 January 1996

Extraction of text words in document images based on a statistical characterization

Su Chen, Robert Haralick, Ihsin Phillips

JEI, Vol. 5, Issue 01, (January 1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.227706

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image processing algorithms and systems, Algorithm development, Image processing, Databases, Binary data, Latex, Statistical analysis, Detection and tracking algorithms, Mathematics

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Proceedings Article | 5 July 1995 Paper

Multi-image camera calibration and object-point estimation

Kenneth Thornton, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 2486, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.213130

KEYWORDS: Cameras, 3D modeling, Calibration, 3D image processing, Matrices, Information operations, Feature extraction, Distance measurement, Statistical analysis, Error analysis

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 1995

Optimal single-stage restoration of subtractive noise corrupted images by a morphological closing

Larry Rystrom, Robert Haralick, Philip Katz

JEI, Vol. 4, Issue 03, (July 1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.210717

KEYWORDS: Binary data, Image processing, Nonlinear filtering, Mathematical morphology, Distance measurement, Image filtering, Heart, Electroluminescence, Applied physics, Linear filtering

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 1995 Paper

Automatic detection of minelike targets in severely cluttered images including other man-made objects

Philip Katz, Christian Eggen, Robert Haralick, Larry Rystrom

Proceedings Volume 2496, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.211373

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Image processing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Binary data, Sensors, Algorithm development, Image resolution, Signal to noise ratio, Image enhancement, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 30 March 1995 Paper

Extraction of text layout structures on document images based on statistical characterization

Su Chen, Robert Haralick, Ihsin Phillips

Proceedings Volume 2422, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205815

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image processing algorithms and systems, Statistical analysis, Algorithm development, Image processing, Binary data, Databases, Detection and tracking algorithms, Mathematics, Statistical modeling

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Proceedings Article | 30 March 1995 Paper

Automatic line detection in document images using recursive morphological transforms

Bin Kong, Su Chen, Robert Haralick, Ihsin Phillips

Proceedings Volume 2422, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205818

KEYWORDS: Transform theory, Solids, Detection and tracking algorithms, Binary data, Algorithm development, Image processing, Chemical elements, Infrared imaging, Computed tomography, Image analysis

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Proceedings Article | 30 March 1995 Paper

Document page decomposition using bounding boxes of connected components of black pixels

Jaekyu Ha, Ihsin Phillips, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 2422, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205816

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Profiling, Printing, Binary data, Image processing algorithms and systems, Information operations, Electroluminescence, Statistical analysis, Visualization, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 1995 Paper

Estimation of morphological degradation parameters

Tapas Kanungo, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 2424, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205268

KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, Statistical modeling, Binary data, Computer simulations, Printing, Adaptive optics, Visualization, Intelligence systems, Optical character recognition, Polonium

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Proceedings Article | 30 June 1994 Paper

Brief survey of the relationships between finite random sets and morphology

Robert Haralick, Su Chen, Xinhua Zhuang

Proceedings Volume 2300, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.179200

KEYWORDS: Probability theory, Mathematical morphology, Algorithms, Image processing, Binary data, Argon, Electrical engineering, Computer engineering, Molybdenum, Pattern recognition

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Optimal single stage restoration of split-beam sonar images via mathematical morphology

Larry Rystrom, Robert Haralick, Philip Katz

Proceedings Volume 2180, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.172551

KEYWORDS: Beam splitters, Image processing, Data modeling, Nonlinear image processing, Image filtering, Nonlinear filtering, Mathematical morphology, Binary data, Transform theory, Image acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 23 March 1994 Paper

Symbol recognition without prior segmentation

Badr Al-Badr, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 2181, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.171118

KEYWORDS: Optical character recognition, Mathematical morphology, Sensors, Distance measurement, Image segmentation, Control systems, Image processing, Transform theory, Lithium, Intelligence systems

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 1994 Paper

Implementation methodology and error analysis for the University of Washington English Document Image Database-I

Ihsin Phillips, Jaekyu Ha, Su Chen, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 2103, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.169467

KEYWORDS: Databases, Error analysis, Neptunium, Protactinium, Image processing, Sodium, Data corrections, Algorithm development, Gallium, Optical character recognition

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1993 Paper

Mathematical morphology of three-dimensional objects: the slope diagrammatic approach

Pijush Ghosh, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 2060, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.164987

KEYWORDS: Mathematical morphology

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 October 1993

Model-based algorithm for designing suboptimal morphological filters for restoring subtractive-noise-corrupted images

Ian Joughin, Robert Haralick, Edward Dougherty

JEI, Vol. 2, Issue 04, (October 1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.152358

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Binary data, Model-based design, Nonlinear filtering, Mathematical modeling, Optimization (mathematics), Electronic filtering, Optical filters, Optimal filtering, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 1993 Paper

Automated organ recognition using 3D mathematical morphology

John Strupp, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1898, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.154538

KEYWORDS: Head, 3D image processing, Mathematical morphology, Image processing, Mathematical modeling, Prototyping, Image segmentation, Algorithm development, Optical spheres, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 23 June 1993 Paper

Statistical morphology

Robert Haralick, Edward Dougherty, Jaekyu Ha, Tapas Kanungo, S. Karasu, Chang Lee, Larry Rystrom, Visvanathan Ramesh, Ihsin Phillips

Proceedings Volume 2030, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.146659

KEYWORDS: Process modeling, Lithium, Intelligence systems, Imaging systems, Statistical analysis, Binary data, Interference (communication), Image segmentation, Electrical engineering, Coastal modeling

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Statistical Morphology is concerned with the statistical characterization of the four morphological operations — dilation, erosion, opening and closing. By statistical characterization of a morphological operator we mean the statistical characterization of the output in terms of the statistical characteristics of the input. Characterization of operators allows us to predict the characteristics of the output of an algorithm composed of a sequence of morphological operations in terms of the statistical characteristics of the input and the sequence of morphological operators used. Furthermore, such statistical analyses of morphological algorithms is necessary for evaluating the algorithm's performance. In this paper we describe what we have learned about one way to characterize the dilation and opening morphological operators in a one dimensional setting. That is, the input to each of these operators is assumed to be binary one-dimensional. The input is modeled as a union of randomly translated discrete lines of a fixed length. The line segments can overlap and result in line segments of various lengths. Thus the final output appears as an unordered pattern of lines and gaps of various lengths. This input is characterized by giving its line and gap length distribution and the distribution of the number of line and gap segments of various lengths. The characterization of a morphological operator, therefore, entails a similar characterization of the output. There has been a recent interest in the area of statistical morphology and some results have been published in the literature. Morales and Acharya {MA92} analyzed the statistical characteristics of a morphological opening on grayscale signals perturbed by Gaussian noise. Stevenson and Arce {SA92] studied the effects of opening for a class of structuring elements. Atola, Koskinen and Neuvo [ALN93] studied the output distributions of one dimensional grayscale filtering. Costa and Haralick {CH92} came up with an empirical description of the output graylevel distributions of morphologically opened signals. Dougherty and Loce [DL93] used libraries of structuring elements to restore corrupted signals in the case when a noise model is available. In the following section we set up the notation and definitions used in this paper. In section 3 we give a formal statement of the random process used to generate random sequences. In section 4 we give a maximum likelihood algorithm for estimating the model parameters. The four morphological operators are characterized in section 5.

Proceedings Article | 21 May 1993 Paper

Optimal single-stage restoration of subtractive noise

Larry Rystrom, Robert Haralick, Philip Katz

Proceedings Volume 1902, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.144754

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear image processing, Image processing, Binary data, Distance measurement, Image restoration, Applied physics, Mathematical morphology, Image filtering, Nonlinear filtering, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 1993 Paper

Automating measurement from standard radiographs

Adam Harris, Dov Dori, Mitchell Sheinkop, Eric Berkson, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1827, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.143067

KEYWORDS: Radiography, Surgery, Tissues, Computed tomography, Feature extraction, Signal to noise ratio, Bone

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Proceedings Article | 9 April 1993 Paper

Indecomposability problem in mathematical morphology

Pijush Ghosh, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1832, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.142162

KEYWORDS: Binary data, Image segmentation, Vision geometry, Mathematical morphology, Bismuth, Picosecond phenomena, Roads, Electrical engineering, Chemical elements, Vector spaces

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1992 Paper

Height distributions in opened finite signals

Wendy Costa, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1769, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.60628

KEYWORDS: Signal detection, Image processing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Signal processing, Statistical analysis, Signal analyzers, Statistical modeling, Silicon, Solids

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 1992 Paper

Image understanding environment

Robert Haralick, Visvanathan Ramesh

Proceedings Volume 1659, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58404

KEYWORDS: Image understanding, Image sensors, Image processing, Data modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Interfaces, Composites, 3D image processing, Sensors, Human-machine interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 1992 Paper

Proteus: a reconfigurable computational network for computer vision

Robert Haralick, Arun Somani, Craig Wittenbrink, Robert Johnson, Kenneth Cooper, Linda Shapiro, Ihsin Phillips, Jenq Hwang, William Cheung, Yung Yao, Chung-Ho Chen, Larry Yang, Brian Daugherty, Bob Lorbeski, Kent Loving, Tom Miller, Larye Parkins, Steven Soos

Proceedings Volume 1659, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58396

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Machine vision, Process control, Telecommunications, Computer vision technology, Signal processing, Control systems, Data processing, Computer architecture, Binary data

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1992 Paper

Optimal affine-invariant matching: performance characterization

Mauro Costa, Robert Haralick, Linda Shapiro

Proceedings Volume 1662, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58489

KEYWORDS: Systems modeling, Affine motion model, Image storage, Solid modeling, Data modeling, Visual process modeling, Computer aided design, Performance modeling, Image processing, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1992 Paper

Logical context of nonlinear filtering

Edward Dougherty, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1658, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58380

KEYWORDS: Binary data, Nonlinear filtering, Logic, Image processing, Nonlinear image processing, Digital image processing, Mathematical modeling, Image filtering, Selenium, Mathematical morphology

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1992 Paper

Morphological algorithm development case study: detection of shapes in low-contrast gray-scale images with replacement and clutter noise

Larry Rystrom, Philip Katz, Robert Haralick, Christian Eggen

Proceedings Volume 1658, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58368

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Nonlinear image processing, Binary data, Algorithm development, Image processing, Filtering (signal processing), Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 1992 Paper

Performance characterization of edge detectors

Visvanathan Ramesh, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1708, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58577

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Probability theory, Edge detection, Machine vision, Artificial intelligence, Robotics, Sensor performance, Detection and tracking algorithms, Computer vision technology, Statistical analysis

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Edge detection is the most fundamental step in vision algorithms. A number of edge detectors have been discussed in the computer vision literature. Examples of classic edge detectors include the Marr-Hildreth edge operator, facet edge operator, and the Canny edge operator. Edge detection using morphological techniques are attractive because they can be efficiently implemented in near real time machine vision systems that have special hardware support. However, little performance characterization of edge detectors has been done. In general, performance characterization of edge detectors has been done mainly by plotting empirical curves of performance. Quantitative performance evaluation of edge detectors was first performed by Abdou and Pratt. It is the goal of this paper to perform a theoretical comparison of gradient based edge detectors and morphological edge detectors. By assuming that an ideal edge is corrupted with additive noise we derive theoretical expressions for the probability of misdetection (the probability of labeling of a true edge pixel as a nonedge pixel in the output). Further, we derive theoretical expressions for the probability of false alarm (the probability of labeling of a nonedge pixel as an output edge pixel) by assuming that the input to the operator is a region of flat graytone intensity corrupted with additive Gaussian noise of zero mean and variance (sigma) ². Even though the blurring step in the morphological operator introduces correlation in the additive noise, we make an approximation that the output samples after blurring are i.i.d. Gaussian random variables with zero mean and variance (sigma) ²/M where M is the window size of the blurring kernel. The false alarm probabilities obtained by using this approximation can be shown to be upperbounds of the false alarm probabilities computed without the approximation. The theory indicates that the blur- min operator is clearly superior when a 3 X 3 window size is used. Since we only have an upperbound for the false alarm probability the theory is inadequate to confirm the superiority of the blur-min operator. Empirical evaluation of the performance indicates that the blur-min operator is superior to the gradient based operator. Evaluation of the edge detectors on real images also indicate superiority of the blur-min operator. Application of hysteresis linking, after edge detection, significantly reduces the misdetection rate, but increases the false alarm rate.

Proceedings Article | 1 February 1992 Paper

Model-based point matching

Kenneth Thornton, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1609, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.57130

KEYWORDS: Cameras, 3D modeling, Model-based design, Visual process modeling, 3D image processing, Statistical modeling, Radon, Solids, Error analysis, Feature extraction

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1991 Paper

Morphological pattern-spectra-based Tau-opening optimization

Edward Dougherty, Robert Haralick, Yidong Chen, Bo Li, Carsten Agerskov, Ulrik Jacobi, Poul Sloth

Proceedings Volume 1606, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50386

KEYWORDS: Interference (communication), Image processing, Signal processing, Image filtering, Mathematical modeling, Visual communications, Filtering (signal processing), Binary data, Electronic filtering, Information operations

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 1991 Paper

Model-based morphology

Robert Haralick, Edward Dougherty, Philip Katz

Proceedings Volume 1472, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46476

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Image filtering, Binary data, Filtering (signal processing), Image understanding, Optimal filtering, Interference (communication), Americium, Image segmentation, Nonlinear filtering

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 1991 Paper

Hole spectrum: model-based optimization of morphological filters

Edward Dougherty, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1568, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46118

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Image processing, Interference (communication), Model-based design, Optimization (mathematics), Optical filters, Optimal filtering, Electronic filtering, Image restoration, Zirconium

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1991 Paper

Performance characterization of vision algorithms

Robert Haralick, Visvanathan Ramesh

Proceedings Volume 1406, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.47987

KEYWORDS: Visual process modeling, Image segmentation, Systems modeling, Image understanding, Image processing, Data modeling, Edge detection, Machine vision, Statistical modeling, Complex systems

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 1991 Paper

Experimental methodology for performance characterization of a line detection algorithm

Tapas Kanungo, Mysore Jaisimha, Robert Haralick, John Palmer

Proceedings Volume 1385, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.25352

KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Signal to noise ratio, Machine vision, Edge detection, Sensors, Computer vision technology, Cerium, Algorithm development, Psychophysics, Corner detection

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1990 Paper

B-code dilation and structuring element decomposition for restricted convex shapes

Tapas Kanungo, Robert Haralick, Xinhua Zhuang

Proceedings Volume 1350, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.23609

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Binary data, Aluminum, Image segmentation, Computing systems, Electrical engineering, Computer engineering, Algorithm development, Mathematical morphology, Feature extraction

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 1990 Paper

Discrimination of water from shadow regions on SAR imagery

JianZhong Qian, Robert Haralick

Proceedings Volume 1297, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.21292

KEYWORDS: Radar, Synthetic aperture radar, Filtering (signal processing), Image processing, Digital filtering, Signal processing, Image segmentation, Statistical analysis, Image analysis, Vegetation

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Showing 5 of 45 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (1)

SPIE Conference Volume | 23 June 1993

Image Algebra and Morphological Image Processing IV

Conference Committee Involvement (1)

Image Algebra and Morphological Image Processing IV

12 July 1993 | San Diego, CA, United States

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