A water wave glint correction algorithm, light attenuation depths and water depths estimated from satellite imagery in the Indian River Lagoon and Banana River estuarine waters provide a means to evaluate light penetration or water clarity. The shallow water estuarine study area is along Florida’s east coast area known as "space coast” Florida. In-situ data, including water depths obtained from bathymetric charts, in-situ hyperspectral attenuation signatures and satellite- based reflectance factors are obtained from atmospherically corrected visible and near infra-red channels of World View-3 satellite imagery. The high spatial, radiometric and 11bit digital resolution satellite imagery is used to study water visibility that is an important ecosystem quality indicator. In shallow coastal waters as well as deeper water areas and nearby coastal waterways, the effects of water surface gravity wave facets and sun glint influence the estimates of water quality related variables estimated at the pixel level. The results have significant implications related to the estimation of the depth of penetration of light using satellite-based methods in coastal waters. Application of atmospherically corrected satellite imagery followed by glint removal is shown using translating and dilating derivative wavelet algorithms to estimate the attenuation depth of light in water. The research has been conducted in order that results may be transferable to other estuaries that suffer from reduction in light penetration due to factors such as turbidity or harmful algal blooms.
Hyperspectral signatures and imagery collected during the spring and summer of 2017 and 2016 are presented. Ground
sampling distances (GSD) and pixel sizes were sampled from just over a meter to less than 4.0 mm. A pushbroom
hyperspectral imager was used to calculate bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) signatures. Hyperspectral signatures of
different water types and bottom habitats such as submerged seagrasses, drift algae and algal bloom waters were scanned
using a high spectral and digital resolution solid state spectrograph. WorldView-3 satellite imagery with minimal water
wave sun glint effects was used to demonstrate the ability to detect bottom features using a derivative reflectance
spectroscopy approach with the 1.3 m GSD multispectral satellite channels centered at the solar induced fluorescence
band. The hyperspectral remote sensing data collected from the Banana River and Indian River Lagoon watersheds
represents previously unknown signatures to be used in satellite and airborne remote sensing of water in turbid waters
along the US Atlantic Ocean coastal region and the Florida littoral zone.
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