Optical wavelength measurement is imperative in a wide range of applications, such as optical metrology, sensing, wireless communication, and so on. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel microwave photonic optical wavelength measurement method based on swept wavelength-to-time mapping, where the optical wavelength is mapped to the time domain information of a microwave photonic link with the help of a swept signal. Wavelength of the optical signal under test can therefore be measured by simply measuring the time domain information. To achieve swept wavelength-to-time mapping, a bi-directional frequency-swept optical signal for reference is first constructed. The reference optical signal and the optical signal under test is then combined and launched into a photodetector for optical-to-electrical conversion. A pair of microwave pulses can be observed, which is obtained by filtering the recovered photocurrent using an electrical bandpass filter with narrow passband. The occurrence time of the filtered pulses are related to the optical wavelength under test due to the bi-directional frequency-scanning property of the reference optical signal, thus swept wavelength-to-time mapping is enabled. Only a low-speed oscilloscope is needed for optical wavelength measurement by monitoring the time-domain information of the microwave pulses in the proposed method, which provides a cost-effective approach for microwave photonic optical wavelength measurement.
Microwave photonic signal processing such as microwave frequency measurement and temperature sensing has been widely studied due to its advantages such as large instantaneous bandwidth, high resolution, flexible reconfigurability as well as immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, we review our recent works about microwave photonic signal processing based on parameter-to-time mapping, where the parameters under test, such as the frequency or temperature, are mapped to the time interval of the output pulses. Parameter-to-time mapping relationship is therefore established, and the parameter can be measured by using a low-speed time-domain acquisition equipment. The microwave photonic signal processing schemes based on parameter-to-time mapping feature low-cost and high resolution, which have great potential in applications such as radar, electronic warfare and metrology systems.
Wavefront shaping technique has been applied to actively control the intensity profile of optical speckles, and a recent progress is to realize glare suppression with the low-transmittance eigenchannels of the transmission matrices (TMs). This makes it possible to custom-tailor the speckle fields. For the purpose of suppressing glare at will, research about the properties of low-transmittance eigenchannels in glare suppression is demanded. In this paper, we report the area expansion effect of glare suppression with low-transmittance eigenchannels. With numerical simulations, we found the actual darkened area was larger than the set target area due to the transverse correlation of the speckle field. Their difference is related to the measuring noise of the TM and gets smaller with the increase of the noise intensity. We believe our research could help to design structured speckle fields, and it will be of significant for advanced applications of optical speckles.
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