Optical photoluminescence spectroscopic method for detection of impurities, hazardous materials, pesticides, and
pollutants in water resources, both qualitatively and quantitatively, is presented. The method is based on synchronous
fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) of organic aromatic compounds, or poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and is carried
out by following simultaneously their excitation and emission spectra. The full excitation emission matrix (EEM)
generated in this way provides a 2-D and 3-D fluorescence map of the tested sample and the diagonals through the axes
origin provide the synchronous fluorescence spectra at a constant wavelengths differences between the emission and
excitation wavelengths, thus enabling multitude components identification. This map contains all the relevant
spectroscopic information of the tested sample, and serves as a unique "fingerprint" with a very specific and accurate
identification. When compared with pre-determined spectra and calibration curves from a "databank", there is a one-toone
correspondence between the image and the specific compound, and it can be identified accurately both
qualitatively and quantitatively. This method offers several significant advantages, and it provides a sensitive (ppm
detection level), accurate and simple spectroscopic tool to monitor impurities and pollutants in water. The design and
performance of the spectrofluorimeter prototype, as well as the software development and analysis of chemical organic
compounds and mixtures in water will be discussed in this paper.
The early diagnosis and proper identification of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions plays an important role in a good prognosis for the patient. However, the present practice of screening based on PAP (Papanicolaou) smear and histopathology makes it tedious and prone to human errors. We assess the validity of FTIR microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) of biopsies as a method to properly assign the correct stage of premalignancy in patients with symptoms of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. For the first time we evaluate the biopsies based on the FTIR spectra for different grades of neoplasia in tandem with probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) and histopathology. The results show that the grading of neoplasia based on FTIR-MSP and a PNN differentiates the normal from premalignant with a high level of accuracy. The false positive identification of the normal as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), CIN2, and CIN3 patients is 9.04, 0.01, and 0.01%, respectively. The false negative identification of CIN2 patients as normal and CIN1 patients is 0.01 and 4.4%, respectively. Similarly, the false negative identification of CIN3 patients as normal, CIN1, and CIN2 is 0.14, 6.99, and 9.61%, respectively. The small errors encountered in the grading are comparable to current methods, encouraging advanced studies for the development of mechanized equipment for the diagnosis and grading of premalignant cervical neoplasia.
Shaul Mordechai, Shlomo Mark, A. Podshyvalov, Keren Kantarovich, Y. Bernshtain, Ahmad Salman, Vitaly Erukhimovitch, Hugo Guterman, Jed Goldstein, Shmuel Argov, R. Jagannathan
IR spectroscopy provides a new diagnostic tool due to its sensitivity to molecular composition and structure in cells, which accompany transformation from healthy to diseased state. The IR spectrum of a sample is, therefore, a biochemical fingerprint. It has been found that the most significant changes occur in the mid-IR spectral range 3-25 mm. Encouraging results have been reported in the literature on various types of cancers, such as human breast, lung, colon, cervical, and leukemia using FT-IR microspectroscopy. Much progress has also been made by several groups on IR spectral maps and IR imaging with good agreement between the data and the histopathological information. In an attempt to characterize healthy and diseased tissues, infrared microspectroscopy of cervical and colon human tissues was studied using an infrared microscopy. The comparative qualitative and quantitative changes detected using FTIR microspectroscopy are discussed.
KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Tissues, Laser induced fluorescence, Chromophores, In vitro testing, Proteins, Tumor growth modeling, Cancer, Systems modeling, In vivo imaging
Light-induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique is based on fluorescence emitted from intracellular chromophores upon illumination of cells by monochromatic light. We compared LIF emitted from a pair of normal and malignant murine cell lines, differing in H-ras expression. The malignant cells fluoresced significantly less than the normal cells, upon excitation at 290 +/- 10 nm. For both cell types, fluorescence decreased with decreasing cell concentration, but at each concentration, the normal cells fluoresced more than the malignant cells. The effect of viability and metabolic stage of the cells on this pattern was compared. The difference among the cells was not due to a difference in protein or DNA content. Thus, this model system demonstrates the specific contribution of H-ras to sub-cellular chromophores, resulting in a significant difference in their autofluorescence intensity, while measuring both emission and excitation scans. This study suggests a potential use of the LIF technique to distinguish between normal and malignant cells and tissues.
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