Mr. Stephen DePalo Profile

Stephen DePalo

at NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 22 August 2024 Poster

Implementing the LEM science program with a high spectral resolution wide field of view x-ray telescope

Daniel Patnaude, Frederick Porter, Ralph Kraft, Caroline Kilbourne, Simon Bandler, Akos Bogdan, Renata Cumbee, Megan Eckart, Cecilia Garraffo, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Richard Kelley, Maxim Markevitch, Anna Ogorzalek, Paul Plucinsky, John ZuHone, Irina Zhuravleva, Jeremy Drake, Maurice Leutenegger, Steve Kenyon, Stephen Smith, Will Zhang, Stephen DePalo, Xiaoyi Li, Nathan Williams, Edward Amatucci, Janice Houston, Kathleen Coderre, Isaac Hayden, Elizabeth Osborne, Jeffrey Olson, Steven Ramm, Scott Richardson

Proceedings Volume 13093, 130937L (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020433

Proceedings Article | 21 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

The Line Emission Mapper (LEM) probe mission concept

R. Kraft, Á. Bogdán, J. ZuHone, J. Adams, J. Alvarado-Gómez, C. Argiroffi, M. Ayromlou, M. Azadi, S. Bandler, M. Barbera, A. Bhardwaj, V. Biffi, D. Bodewits, E. Boettcher, B. Branham, J. Burchett, D. Burke, J. Cann, J. Carter, D. Castro, P. Chakraborty, K. Chan, S. Chen, E. Churazov, K. Coderre, M. Corcoran, R. Cumbee, S. DePalo, K. Dolag, M. Donahue, W. Doriese, J. Drake, W. Dunn, M. Eckart, D. Eckert, S. Ettori, Y. Ezoe, C. Feldman, E. Flaccomio, W. Forman, M. Galeazzi, A. Gall, C. Garraffo, M. Gonzalez, N. Grosso, J. Hartley, N. Hell, L. Hernquist, E. Hodges-Kluck, J. Houston, S. Hull, N. Islam, P. Janas, F. Jennings, C. Jones, P. Kaaret, H. Kanner, M. Karovska, V. Kashyap, P. Kavanagh, R. Kelley, I. Khabibullin, C. Kilbourne, C.-G. Kim, D. Koutroumpa, O. Kovács, K. Kuntz, S.-H. Lee, M. Leutenegger, T. Linn, S. Lotti, M. Markevitch, K. Martin, L. May, D. McCammon, S. McEntee, S. Mei, F. Mernier, M. Miceli, J. Miller, M. Mirakhor, K. Monsch, Y. Nazé, D. Nelson, A. Nordt, A. Ogorzalek, J. Olson, S. Orlando, E. Osborne, L. Oskinova, D. Patnaude, R. Pfeifle, C. Pinto, P. Plucinsky, G. Ponti, D. Porquet, F. Porter, D. Préle, S. Ramm, S. Randall, E. Rasia, M. Rau, S. Richardson, K. Sakai, A. Sarkar, G. Schellenberger, S. Sciortino, J. Schaye, A. Simionescu, S. Smith, M. Sobolewska, J. Steiner, J. Stern, Y. Su, M. Sun, N. Truong, E. Ursino, M. Valentini, S. Veilleux, S. Vladutescu-Zopp, M. Vogelsberger, N. Wakeham, S. Walker, Q. Wang, B. Wargelin, K. Weaver, J. Werk, N. Werner, S. Wolk, C. Zhang, W. Zhang, I. Zhuravleva

Proceedings Volume 13093, 1309327 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019969

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Galactic astronomy, Stars, Bubbles, Spectral resolution, Iron, Physics, Spectroscopy, Metals, Plasma

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The Line Emission Mapper (LEM) is a Probe mission concept developed in response to NASA’s Astrophysics Probe Explorer (APEX) Announcement of Opportunity. LEM has a single science instrument composed of a large-area, wide-field X-ray optic and a microcalorimeter X-ray imaging spectrometer in the focal plane. LEM is optimized to observe low-surface-brightness diffuse X-ray emission over a 30′ equivalent diameter field of view with 1.3 and 2.5 eV spectral resolution in the 0.2−2.0 keV band. Our primary scientific objective is to map the thermal, kinetic, and elemental properties of the diffuse gas in the extended X-ray halos of galaxies, the outskirts of galaxy clusters, the filamentary structures between these clusters, the Milky Way star-formation regions, the Galactic halo, and supernova remnants in the Milky Way and Local Group. The combination of a wide-field optic with 18′′ angular resolution end-to-end and a microcalorimeter array with 1.3 eV spectral resolution in a 5′ × 5′ inner array (2.5 eV outside of that) offers unprecedented sensitivity to extended low-surface-brightness X-ray emission. This allows us to study feedback processes, gas dynamics, and metal enrichment over seven orders of magnitude in spatial scales, from parsecs to tens of megaparsecs. LEM will spend approximately 11% of its five-year prime science mission performing an All-Sky Survey, the first all-sky X-ray survey at high spectral resolution. The remainder of the five-year science mission will be divided between directed science (30%) and competed General Observer science (70%). LEM and the NewAthena/XIFU are highly complementary, with LEM’s optimization for soft X-rays, large FOV, 1.3 eV spectral resolution, and large grasp balancing the NewAthena/X-IFU’s broadband sensitivity, large effective area, and unprecedented spectral resolving power at 6 keV. In this presentation, we will provide an overview of the mission architecture, the directed science driving the mission design, and the broad scope these capabilities offer to the entire astrophysics community.

Proceedings Article | 21 August 2024 Poster + Paper

The Line Emission Mapper (LEM): mission and science operations

P. Plucinsky, K. Martin, S. DePalo, S. Ramm, E. Amatucci, D. Burke, J. Houston, X. Li, J. Miller, D. Patnaude, F. Porter, S. Randall, J. Wing, C. Kilbourne, R. Kraft

Proceedings Volume 13093, 130937K (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020570

KEYWORDS: Space operations, Equipment, X-rays, Calibration, Observatories, Sensors, Tunable filters, Mirrors, X-ray telescopes, Design

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The Line Emission Mapper (LEM) is a Probe mission concept developed in response to NASA’s Astrophysics Probe Explorer (APEX) Announcement of Opportunity. The LEM project is a collaboration between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and Lockheed Martin (LM). LEM is a large field of view (30′ equivalent diameter), soft X-ray mission (0.2-2.0 keV bandpass) with a large format microcalorimeter X-ray imaging spectrometer in the focal plane (1.3-2.5 eV spectral resolution) that provides unprecedented grasp (the product of effective area times field of view) in this bandpass. LEM’s sensitivity to diffuse X-ray emission will be orders of magnitude higher than existing or proposed missions. LEM’s primary science will characterize the diffuse gas in the X-ray haloes in galaxies, the outskirts of galaxy clusters and the filamentary structures between these clusters, and in the Milky Way star formation regions and Galactic halo, and Galactic and Local Group supernova remnants. To accomplish these objectives, the LEM spacecraft and mission have been designed to perform long observations of relatively faint objects and to perform an All-Sky Survey. The science payload consists of a single X-ray mirror assembly and a single focal plane instrument, the microcalorimeter operating at a temperature of 40 mK. The LEM spacecraft is a high-heritage, low-risk design that meets or exceeds all requirements, in particular the thermal requirements for the calorimeter, electronics, and mirror. The science mission profile supports high observing efficiency (> 90%), large sky coverage (45−150° field of regard), and flexible operations that maximize the science return. LEM mission and science operations follow the same successful approaches used by LM for 16 NASA missions and by SAO for 24 years of successful operation of a NASA Great Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory. With multiple decades of experience developing and maintaining the Chandra X-Ray Center Data System, the LEM team will develop the software to produce and disseminate high-quality data to the entire astronomical community. In this paper, we discuss the design of the mission and spacecraft operations that supports the transformational science that LEM promises to deliver.

SPIE Journal Paper | 14 November 2023 Open Access

Line Emission Mapper: an X-ray probe mission concept to study the cosmic ecosystems and the physics of galaxy formation

Daniel Patnaude, Ralph Kraft, Caroline Kilbourne, Simon Bandler, Akos Bogdan, Renata Cumbee, Megan Eckart, Cecilia Garraffo, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Richard Kelley, Maxim Markevitch, Anna Ogorzalek, Paul Plucinsky, Frederick Porter, John ZuHone, Irina Zhuravleva, Jeremy Drake, Maurice Leutenegger, Steve Kenyon, Stephen Smith, William Zhang, Stephen DePalo, Xiaoyi Li, Nathan Williams, Edward Amatucci, Janice Houston, Deme Apostolou, Hugh Kanner, Kathleen Coderre, Isaac Hayden, Kyle Martin, Elizabeth Osborne, Jeffrey Olson, Steven Ramm, Scott Richardson

JATIS, Vol. 9, Issue 04, 041008, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.041008

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Galactic astronomy, Design, Sensors, Equipment, X-ray optics, Astrophysics, Stars, Ecosystems, Tunable filters

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