Grating absorption is a phenomenon influenced by various factors such as material properties, grating structure, and characteristics of the incident light. Under intense laser irradiation, the absorbed energy of the laser is converted into thermal energy, resulting in an elevated temperature of both the grating and substrate. This temperature rise significantly compromises the optical performance of the grating, thereby imposing constraints on the advancement of high-power laser systems. The numerical simulations were performed using the finite element method to investigate the effects of different absorptivity of grating, spot sizes, substrate materials (Fused silica, BK7 and Sapphire), and convective coefficients of air on the temperature distribution at various locations on the substrate under high-power laser irradiation (30kW/cm2). Comparative analysis reveals that selecting sapphire as the substrate material under high-power laser irradiation results in better heat dissipation.
The diffraction characteristics of amplitude and phase-type soft-edge apertures with super-Gaussian transmittance at the gap of mosaic grating are investigated in this article. A well-designed soft-edge apertures can effectively suppress the Fresnel straight-edge diffraction intensity distribution at a certain transmission distance and consequently homogenize the overall light intensity on the image plane. We use the PV value, which is the difference between the maximum intensity of Fresnel diffraction and the initial incident intensity, as the evaluation index of diffraction intensity homogenization. Compared with use of the hard-edge aperture, the PV value reduces from 0.6 to 0.009 and 0.051 at the distance of 0.5m and 1m respectively with use of the super-Gaussian amplitude type soft-edge apertures designed by us. While using the super-Gaussian phase type soft-edge apertures designed by us, the PV value reduces from 0.6 to 0.053 and 0.06 at the distance of 0.5m and 1m respectively.
In ultra-precision machining, the precision displacement measurement system is required to ensure the positioning accuracy of the tool and the work-piece, and then to ensure the processing accuracy of the product. The grating displacement measurement system which adopt grating pitch as measurement reference not only has big measurement span and high-resolution advantages but also has strong anti-interference ability. So it is widely used in performance testing of surface processing equipment. The traditional two-dimensional grating measuring system realizes two-dimensional measurement by installing two one-dimensional grating measurement devices in two directions of the two-dimensional platform. It’s easy to introduce the abbe error in this way and obviously a lot of space is occupied. While the micro-displacement measurement system based on the two-dimensional grating can not only obtain the micro-displacement data information of two directions at the same time, but also has high measurement accuracy, small abbe error and compact structure. Two-dimensional grating is the core component of the two-dimensional grating measurement system. In this paper, the design two-dimensional grating is carried out. In the case of vertical incidence of the He-Ne laser with 632.8 nm wavelength, we develop the microstructure design of two-dimensional aluminum-plated and gold-plated grating with periods of 1 micron and 2 microns. Based on the rigorous coupled wave theory (RCWA) and Rsoft software, the following simulation results are obtained. Two-dimensional grating with period of 1 micron has higher diffraction efficiency compared with period of 2 microns. When the duty cycle between 0.43-0.58 and the groove depth between 140nm-200nm, the diffraction efficiency of two-dimensional aluminum grating with period of 1 micron is more than 18%. Although the diffraction efficiency of two-dimensional gold grating with period of 1 micron can also achieve 18%, its tolerance range is very small.
Diffraction grating is an important optical device whose surface defects will seriously affect the quality of optical system.In order to achieve the diffraction grating of the ultra precision surface defect inspection, design a set of defects automatic detection system based on machine vision, we use black hat transform images highlight several images, and after a Canny edge detection, expansion, corrosion, determine the connected domain, look for the seed point, the algorithm of region growing process, realize the defect feature extraction, classification and statistics.A two-dimension displacement platform controlled by DSP is designed to realize the panoramic image Mosaic of diffraction grating and accurately locate the coordinates of defects.At the same time, the surface quality of the grating is evaluated according to the American military optical appearance standard MIL-PRF-13830B.
The discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can enhance the signal of molecules adsorbed on the roughened surface by a million times and o btain high-quality Raman scattering spectra. The ideal SERS substrate has high repeatability, reproducibility and uniformity, so regular hot spots are needed, and the hot spots are the areas with very high electromagnetic fields on the substrate. In this p aper, an one-dimensional grating with silicon substrate, silicon dioxide teeth and silver -plated film is designed. Under the 633nm excited light wavelength, the grating period is 520nm, the duty cycle, silver film thickness and grating tooth height are adjusted to simulate the control variables, and the reflection order spectrum and energy absorption spectrum varying with the variables are calculated. The script of finite -difference time-domain (FDTD) method is written to simulate the electric field maximum spectra of different structures. It is also analyzed that the absorption maximum region and the reflection minimum region are the key points of the maximum field strength. Finally, two rectangular groove gratings are designed as SERS substrates, which can be enhanced by an order of magnitude of 5 orders of magnitude .
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