Mr. Trenton S. Hartman Profile

Trenton S. Hartman

at Pacific Northwest National Lab

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Proceedings Article | 23 April 2020 Presentation + Paper

Efficient image reconstruction method for a millimeter-wave shoe scanner

David Sheen, R. Trevor Clark, Jonathan Tedeschi, Jonathan McCall, Trenton Hartman, A. Mark Jones

Proceedings Volume 11411, 114110B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560368

KEYWORDS: Antennas, Scanners, Dielectrics, Image restoration, Imaging systems, Metals, Prototyping, Transceivers, Reconstruction algorithms, Detection and tracking algorithms

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The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has recently developed an active 3D microwave/millimeter-wave shoe scanner. This system is designed to detect threats concealed within the soles of common footwear. The system was designed in response to the security incident involving Richard Reid, known as the “Shoe Bomber”. The system operates over the 10-40 GHz frequency range. Waves in this band readily pass through common shoe materials, such as leather, rubber, plastics, foams, and synthetic and natural cloth materials. The shoe scanner system consists of a linear array positioned underneath a low loss dielectric window that the person is directed to stand upon. The linear array is positioned so the antenna propagation is vertical, and the array axis is horizontal across the width of the shoes. A linear mechanical scan translates the arrays along the length of the shoes. A frequency-modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) transceiver is used to collect the signal scattered from the scene. The data collected from the system is fully 3D covering two spatial and one frequency dimensions. The system presents several challenges for efficient image reconstruction, including the dielectric window, multi-row linear arrays, and focusing close to the antenna elements. The dielectric window presents a significant challenge for image reconstruction since the waves will travel through an inhomogeneous layered media. In this paper, an efficient back-projection reconstruction algorithm is presented that overcomes these challenges. Experimental imaging results are shown that demonstrate high-resolution imaging performance for this new scanner.

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