An analysis of the Kamchatka lidar station data obtained in January-February 2021 is presented. We have confirmed the main conclusions of works on the causes and mechanism of formation, as well as the main properties of the backscattering profile in the presence of additional sources of atmospheric ionization. It is shown that the observed aerosol formations in the mesopause region could be caused by precipitation of charged particles with energies less than 500 eV, which is confirmed by the simultaneous growth of the ionospheric parameter fmin. Aerosol formations in the area of 60 - 75 km should be recognized as imaginary. They are caused by resonant scattering by excited ions of atomic nitrogen and oxygen. The possibility of estimating the energy of precipitated electrons is shown.
The results of two-frequency lidar sounding of the atmosphere from the altitudes of 25-500 km are presented. The data were obtained in 2017 at a lidar site located in Kamchatka (52°58’17”N, 158°15’07”E). The results of the sensing were recorded in the altitude area of 25-500 km. The proposed work considers the results obtained in the field of the middle atmosphere. Additional experimental data characterizing the geophysical situation that accompanied the appearance of light scattering layers in the upper atmosphere are presented. The possibility of resonance scattering in the formation of imaginary aerosol formations in the middle atmosphere is being studied. It is shown that the increased scattering at wavelengths 532 and 561 nm in the middle atmosphere region should be explained by the resonant scattering on excited ions of atomic oxygen and nitrogen. These ions may arise from the ionization of the atmosphere by relativistic electrons.
The results of two-frequency lidar sounding of the atmosphere from the altitudes of 25-500 km are presented. The data were obtained in 2017 at a lidar site located in Kamchatka (52°58’17”N, 158°15’07”E). One lidar channel is applied to investigate the aerosol formations in the middle atmosphere and to record the resonance scattering on excited ions of atomic nitrogen in the upper atmosphere. Nd:YAG laser operating on the wavelength of 532 nm is used in this channel. A dye laser with tunable frequency is applied in the second channel. The wavelength of 561.1 nm corresponds to the chosen dipole transition between the excited states of atomic oxygen. This paper discusses the results of probing in the middle atmosphere in the region of 25-80 km, obtained on 5.09.2017. It is shown that during lidar probing of the middle atmosphere imaginary aerosol formations can be observed, caused by precipitations of charged particles
The results of two-frequency lidar sounding of the atmosphere from the altitudes of 100-400 km are presented. The data were obtained in 2017 at a lidar site located in Kamchatka. One lidar channel is applied to investigate the aerosol formations in the middle atmosphere and to record the resonance scattering on excited ions of atomic nitrogen in the upper atmosphere. Nd:YAG laser operating on the wavelength of 532 nm is used in this channel. A dye laser with tunable frequency is applied in the second channel. The wavelength of 561.1 nm corresponds to the chosen dipole transition between the excited states of atomic oxygen. Defined light-scattering layers were discovered in the region of 200-400 km. They are caused by presence of excited states atomic oxygen and nitrogen ions. The possibility of reconstruction of excited ions Nh-profile and determination of precipitated electron fluxes by the lidar method are shown.
The paper presents the results of a lidar study of the atmosphere in the altitude region of 100-400 km, obtained at the lidar station of Kamchatka. The development of methods for lidar measurements and signal processing is discussed. The method that takes into account the technique to measure the background signal is described. These tools allow the authors to include the atmosphere into the altitude region investigated by the lidar method. The results of the investigation of the backscattering lidar signal from the altitude region of 100-400 km caused by the resonance scattering on exited components of upper atmosphere are discussed.
The results of two-frequency lidar investigation of the atmosphere scattering are presented. The observations were carried out at the wavelength of 561 and 532 nm. The radiation band of lasers covers two emission lines of atomic oxygen (561.106 and 561.346 nm) and three emission lines of atomic nitrogen (532.020, 532.087 and 532.095 nm). The lines correspond to the transitions between the exited states of ions of atomic oxygen or nitrogen. The possibility of application of the lidar method for ionosphere investigations is discussed. The physical basis of such method may be the resonance scattering on upper atmosphere ions. The authors discuss the conditions when the impact of the resonance scattering into the lidar signal at the mesosphere heights is observed.
According to the results of lidar observations in 2014, new experimental data are presented. They confirm the possibility of correlation of lidar signals backscattering at the wavelength of 532 nm with the parameters determining plasma content in the nighttime ionospheric F2 layer. The possibility of application of the lidar method in ionosphere investigations is discussed. The physical basis of this method may be the resonance scattering on the exited atoms and ions of the upper atmosphere.
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