Significance: Time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) has been considered as the gold standard of noninvasive optical brain imaging devices. However, due to the high cost, complexity, and large form factor, it has not been as widely adopted as continuous wave NIRS systems.
Aim: Kernel Flow is a TD-fNIRS system that has been designed to break through these limitations by maintaining the performance of a research grade TD-fNIRS system while integrating all of the components into a small modular device.
Approach: The Kernel Flow modules are built around miniaturized laser drivers, custom integrated circuits, and specialized detectors. The modules can be assembled into a system with dense channel coverage over the entire head.
Results: We show performance similar to benchtop systems with our miniaturized device as characterized by standardized tissue and optical phantom protocols for TD-fNIRS and human neuroscience results.
Conclusions: The miniaturized design of the Kernel Flow system allows for broader applications of TD-fNIRS.
Han Ban, Geoffrey Barrett, Alex Borisevich, Ashutosh Chaturvedi, Jacob Dahle, Hamid Dehghani, Bruno DoValle, Julien Dubois, Ryan Field, Viswanath Gopalakrishnan, Andrew Gundran, Michael Henninger, Wilson Ho, Howard Hughes, Rong Jin, Julian Kates-Harbeck, Thanh Landy, Antonio Lara, Michael Leggiero, Gabriel Lerner, Zahra Aghajan, Michael Moon, Alejandro Ojeda, Isai Olvera, Meric Ozturk, Sangyong Park, Milin Patel, Katherine Perdue, Wing Poon, Zachary Sheldon, Benjamin Siepser, Sebastian Sorgenfrei, Nathan Sun, Victor Szczepanski, Mary Zhang, Zhenye Zhu
Time-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) has been considered as the gold standard of non-invasive optical brain imaging devices. However, due to the high cost, complexity, and large form-factor, it has not been as widely adopted as Continuous Wave (CW) NIRS systems. Kernel Flow is a TD-NIRS system that has been designed to break through these limitations by maintaining the performance of a research grade TD-NIRS system while integrating all of the components into a small modular device. The Kernel Flow modules are built around miniaturized laser drivers, custom integrated circuits, and specialized detectors. The modules can be assembled into a system with dense channel coverage over the entire head. We show performance similar to benchtop systems with our miniaturized device.
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