A new design for a multi-layer dielectric elastomer actuator, reinforced with periodic stiffeners is presented. The
resulting actuator enables complex out-of- plane motion without the need of the elastomer membrane prestretch. An in
situ optical imaging system is used to capture the complex deformation pattern and track the non-planar displacement
and curvature under the applied voltage. The role of the stiffeners periodicity, φ, on the macroscopic actuator response is
analyzed numerically utilizing ABAQUS finite element software. A user-material subroutine is developed to represent
the elastomer deformation under the applied electric field. It is found that the actuator force-stroke characteristics can be
greatly changed by varying φ, while maintaining the same overall actuator stiffness. The numerical results showed a
band of localized deformation around the stiffeners. The refinement of the stiffener, φ, increases the total actuated
volume within the span of the actuator, and thereby the macroscopic actuator stroke. The stored elastic strain energy
within the actuator is also increased. φ might be further refined down to the actuator sheet thickness, wherein the
localized deformation bands overlaps. This is the practical limit of the stiffeners spacing to achieve the largest
macroscopic actuator stroke. The developed experimental and modeling framework would enable the exploitation and
optimization of different actuator designs to achieve a preset load-stroke characteristic.
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