During servicing of subsurface transportation pipelines, axial pressure generated by high-temperature and high-pressure working conditions is released through upheaval buckling deformation. When the overall deformation of the pipeline exceeds limits, the weakest part of the pipeline will suddenly break and fail, causing serious economic losses and social problems. To ensure safe pipeline operations, it is necessary to monitor the upheaval buckling mechanism of pipelines with a new type of monitoring technology to realize structural reliability assessment under complex loads. Based on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) distributed optical fiber sensing technology, this study proposes a method to identify buried pipelines’ structural state to solve the problem of detecting upheaval buckling with initial defects under unknown loads. Based on the BOTDA principle, the proposed method comprises a distributed structural response monitoring approach for pipelines. The Euler-Bernoulli beam deflection curve calculation method is used to establish a pipeline buckling displacement reconstruction algorithm to quantitatively identify the occurrence and development of pipeline upheaval buckling. The initial-defect buried pipeline model test is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method for identifying the upheaval buckling of buried pipelines can realize quantitative identification of front and back buckling behavior of submarine pipelines under unknown loads, which has important practical significance and application value.
An economical and reliable fiber-optic vibration sensing system is proposed in this paper, which can eventually cooperate with distributed fiber sensing systems for long-span structural inspection. The system is designed to monitor the vibration state of the position to be measured, based on the principle of a Sagnac fiber-optic sensor. A novel algorithm of analyzing the strength ratio between a certain frequency band and the background frequency band of the signal is employed in this sensing system. Two sets of experiments were implemented to validate the reliability of the algorithm. In the first experiment, we tested whether the algorithm can recognize the sensing fiber was trampled. Application of the sensing system on a cast-iron pipeline detection was performed in the second experiment. Experimental results showed that the forced vibration frequency of the pipeline is between 170~230 Hz, and the sensing system is reliable for rapid recognizing the vibration state of the sensing fiber, which indicated that this system has a potential in application of field measuring as a part of traditional distributed optical fiber sensing system.
Due to the factors such as environment, material aging, and fatigue loads, structural members are prone to crack damage during the service, which could lead to the risk of collapse as the crack-induced strain accumulates. This paper proposes a method for structural crack identification and location based on a distributed optical fiber dynamic strain monitoring method. The Savitzky-Golay smooth filtering method was used to extract the crack information from the obtained dynamic strain signal. Based on the local strain anomaly of the structure and the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the "breathing" crack model, the cracks distributed along the structure can be located. According to the change of harmonic component, the crack development process can be identified, and early identification and localization of structural cracks during operation can be realized, which provides a practical approach of the damage monitoring for the cracked structures.
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