KEYWORDS: Solar cells, Polymers, Thin films, Microscopes, Polymer thin films, Oxides, Lithium, Organic photovoltaics, Thin film solar cells, Solar energy
MoO3 hole transportation layer was prepared by a novel spray coating method under low temperature for polymer solar cell. The physical phase of spray coated MoO3 thin film was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology of solution processed MoO3 (s-MoO3) and thermally evaporated MoO3 (e-MoO3) was characterized by metallurgical microscope and atomic force microscopy. The PSC device based on s-MoO3 HTL shows better photo to electron conversion efficiency (PCE = 2.93%) performance than PEDOT:PSS based devices (PCE = 2.80%), and the high Jsc obtained in s-MoO3 based PSC device indicates that the transportation across the s-MoO3 layer is unhindered. Finally, the stability of PSC devices based on different HTLs has also been investigated.
Ti-doping hematite photoanode was investigated by easily spray pyrolysis method using self-made spray coating system. Doping with titanium can improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the pure α-Fe2O3 thin films. The key point is the effect of Ti doping on improving the conductivity and enhancing charge transfer. When doped with Ti element, Vfb of hematite film shifts negtively about 50 mV, which is good for the hydrogen evolution in the water splitting process. The best IPCE of Ti-doped hematite photoanode reaches 30% under 0.3 V bias at 400nm, ultimately.
KEYWORDS: Control systems, Switching, Switches, Wavelength division multiplexing, Signal processing, Network architectures, Networks, Internet, Optical switching, Process control
Researches about infrastructure and applications of next generation Internet is one of the most comprehensive research fields in recent years, IP over WDM is envisioned as the best candidate for next generation Internet. Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) was proposed as an excellent control plane technology for the
integration of IP and WDM, which can achieve the on-demand provisioning and management of network resources. And optical burst switching (OBS) is considered as a promising switch paradigm for next generation Internet, which can not only provide statistical multiplexing of network bandwidth resources, but also circumvent the bottleneck of electronic switching effectively. Therefore, how to integrate GMPLS into OBS network and use GMPLS to improve performances of OBS networks becomes an important research direction and have received comprehensive concerns from many research institutions and organizations. This article proposes a new kind of OBS network namely GMPLS-based OBS network, describes its general framework and some work mechanisms, and gives node functional modules
and the control plane software components. Some issues related to network management also are discussed.
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