In Computational Spectral imaging, two-dimensional coded apertures and dispersive elements realize the mixed modulation of spatial information and spectral information of the target respectively, and then reconstruct the threedimensional data cube. Therefore, coded aperture plays a vital role. In the imaging process, by moving the coded aperture to increase the number of measurements, the aperture moved one code element at each step to simulate the actual push-broom process. Three types of coded apertures were considered, which are Gauss random coded aperture, Hadamard coded aperture and Harmonic coded aperture, and the reconstruction effect of the three coded apertures were analyzed. The Least Square (LS) algorithm was considered to reconstruct three-dimensional data cube. Compared with the classical Two-step Iterative Shrinkage/Thresholding (TwIST) algorithm, the reconstructed Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) by LS algorithm were better than TwIST algorithm. It was indicated that the SSIM and PSNR increased with the increasing number of measurements. When the number of measurements was similar with the number of spectral segments, the SSIM of the three coded apertures reached more than 0.9 by LS algorithm. However, the SSIM and PSNR of the Gauss random coded aperture were the largest Obviously, which are 0.995 and 52.560, respectively. And the PSNR of Gauss random coded aperture was 13 dB more than that of Hadamard and Harmonic coded apertures. When the number of measurements was constant, the SSIM and PSNR decrease gradually with the increasing number of spectral segments. The simulation results showed that the LS algorithm was superior to the TwIST algorithm in the reconstruction process, and the Gauss random coded aperture had the best performance.
Super-resolution hyperspectral imaging is a key technology for many applications, especially in the fields of remote sensing, military, agriculture, and geological exploration. Recovering a high resolution image needs enormous data, which puts forward very high requirements on image system hardware. Compressed sampling spectral imaging technology could well solve this problem and achieve high-resolution objects with low-resolution compressed data. In this paper, the method of a compressed sampling spectral imaging based on push-broom coded aperture and dispersion prism is proposed. A spectral aliasing image is formed when the object passing through the dispersive prism. According to the prism dispersion condition and the CCD pixel size, the visible spectrum can be divided into N spectral bands, and the measurement matrix of the coded aperture is respectively calibrated for the center wavelength of each spectral band. By controlling a stepper to implement the push broom of the coded aperture to change the measurement matrix, multiple spectral aliasing images can be obtained. The pixel size of the coded aperture becomes half of the CCD by a relay lens, which means the pixel of CCD is low-resolution for the coded aperture. The super-resolution hyperspectral image of the object is obtained by the improved LS reconstruction algorithm. Simulation results show that, the recovered hyperspectral image has twice resolution compared with the low-resolution CCD image, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) increase with the increasing compressed sampling hyperspectral images. For N=31, the average PSNR and SSIM recovered from six aliasing images is 22.019 and 0.235, respectively. The average PSNR and SSIM of the recovered 31 bands are also increasing with increasing aliasing images. While the aliasing imaging is 156, The average PSNR and SSIM exceeds 38 and 0.9. This method proves that super-resolution hyperspectral imaging can be achieved by capturing less low-resolution object images.
The encoding aperture errors with different types and different degrees occurred during the process of encoding aperture by micro-Nano technology. The encoding aperture is a key component of the CSSI, and the analysis of errors in encoding aperture processing provides an important evidence for the CSSI. In this paper, based on the error occurring in the process of encoding aperture, the simulation is established by commercial software FDTD by which the optical field modulation of incident light in the CSSI system is analyzed by comparing the ideal encoding aperture and the error encoding aperture. The simulation results show that there is a significant difference in the optical intensity distribution of incident light modulated by a single error aperture and a single ideal aperture, the optical intensity distribution modulated by the ideal aperture has two distinct peaks at the aperture surface, and the optical intensity distribution modulated by the error aperture is approximately twice as large as by the ideal aperture; the optical intensity distribution modulated by the two type aperture has obvious peaks while leaving the aperture surface, and the optical intensity distribution modulated by the ideal aperture is approximately twice as large as by the error aperture; changing the number of pixels of the encoding aperture, the ideal encoding aperture and the error encoding aperture have little difference in modulation of the incident light; comparing the ideal aperture, as the increasing of the rounded radius of error aperture, the influence of the optical field distribution modulation becomes more obvious.
With a piece of far-field diffraction image, the purpose of reconstruction an object can be achieved by the Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) method under some certain conditions. Practically, the far-field diffraction images captured by the optical system are not always matched well with the phase retrieval algorithms, which frequently leads to lower resolution of the reconstructed object image. However, we find that the gray distortion of the power spectrum has a great impact on the object reconstruction, and even a good phase retrieve algorithm can not reconstruct the object. Based on experiment and simulation results, we find that the spatial power spectrum pattern gray-level distortion has much influence on the CDI reconstruction, and the acquired pattern distortion rate should be less than 0.1. When the gray-level distortion is less than 0.1, clear object can be reconstructed in fewer iterations. The reconstruction algorithm is fault-tolerant to the distortion of power spectrum. The convergence speed of the algorithm can be accelerated through giving an upper bound of gray-level distortion. This result provides a reference for other researches in CDI to avoid the convergence stagnation caused by the distortion of spatial power spectrum collected by experiments.
By iteratively stitching together the series of low-resolution (LR) images captured by either various small-aperture illuminations or angle-varied illuminations, the Fourier ptychography (FP) can recover large space-bandwidth- product (SBP) and high-resolution (HR) object images. The FP has been considered to be promising in various computational imaging fields. However, the illumination-based FP is limited by strict requirements of the objects which must be thin and satisfy the one-to-one mapping relationship in the Fourier plane, and the aperture-scanning Fourier ptychography is also limited by the long-time scanning and stable scanning mechanical structures requirements even though it can achieve super-resolution macroscopic imaging. Furthermore, the position and shape of the scanning aperture must be accurately modeled for the reconstruction, otherwise false object images may be output. Herein, based on the 4-f optical correlator structure, we proposed a novel method, termed variable-aperture Fourier ptychography, for reconstructing HR images from series of LR images. The numerical simulations illustrated that the variable-aperture Fourier ptychography can use a small number of LR images to reconstruct the object images, The experiments demonstrated that a high-quality object image with better resolution and contrast than other schemes, include direct imaging based on 4-f system and aperture scanning FP, can be obtained by our method. Two additional experiments proved that it is almost unaffected by the position and shape of the apertures.
Under coherent light illumination, several approaches need either angle scanning or diffuser rotating to reconstruct the image through opaque scattering media. We propose a linear model to restore the hidden object through the actual power spectrum with disturbance of the scattering layer. The experimental results confirm that, the algorithm quickly converge to the only correct reconstruction solution with the accuracy power spectrum pattern of Fourier transform, and the method can reconstruct the high accuracy image of the object hidden by the scattering media with one-shot power spectrum.
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