The curved CMOS bends its edge area for a better edge illuminance which effectively corrects the field curvature and image aberration as well as simplifies the optical system. In this paper, a full frame 24-megapixel camera lens of f=50mm and F#/1.8 with five pieces of ordinary glasses is designed by Zemax, introducing the curved CMOS and three aspherical surfaces into the design. The system uses a full frame (36mm*24mm) curved surface sensor with a viewing angle of 46°, an effective focal length of 50mm, and a total length of 82.5mm. The full viewing field MTF is greater than 0.4, the maximum distortion is less than 3% and the relative illumination is greater than 0.75. All of these optical results enable not only an excellent imaging quality but a simplified system with the introduction of the curved sensor.
As far as resolution is concerned, a system with pixels exceeding 4K (3980*2040) or 8K (7680*4320) is called Ultra HD. In this paper, to fill the gap in UHD testing and evaluation, we take a full frame 8K HDR camera equipped with a zoom lens as an example, evaluating the system performance by a comprehensive test. Next, according to the results, a new testing process including three indicators with corresponding criteria is designed to make a supplement to BT.2020 criterion and offers an integrated test for 8K camera lenses.
Cultural relics contain unique and rich historical, artistic, economic and other diversified values. However, the imitation and counterfeiting of cultural relics have brought great challenges to the protection and research of cultural relics. In order to improve the problems of strong subjectivity and low precision of the traditional "ophthalmic" identification method, this paper combines spectroscopy with cultural relics to identify the authenticity of pottery and porcelain cultural relics. Under constant temperature and humidity conditions, four kinds of LED with different spectral bands were used as experimental light sources, two Jingdezhen moon flower winter melon porcelain vases with the same appearance and two songxianghu kiln white glazed small clay pots with the same appearance were used as cultural relics samples, and multiple feature points were selected for precision spectral detection. Treat the detection results as multidimensional vectors, calculate the Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance and Chebyshev distance between the vectors, and look for the appropriate threshold to identify the authenticity of the artifact. The results show that: First, the spectral difference between the feature points of cultural relics with the same appearance is significant, and the source of cultural relics can be accurately identified by using the spectral curve; Secondly, this paper calculates the thresholds based on Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance and Chebyshev distance for porcelain and pottery. Among them, the accuracy of identifying porcelain using a threshold based on Euclidean distance is the highest, which is 87.5%; The accuracy of identifying pottery using a threshold based on Manhattan distance was the highest, at 91.67%. By using the spectral curves and thresholds of cultural relics measured by precision spectrometers, this paper generates the spectral identity card of cultural relics. Compared with traditional cultural relics detection, the spectral dimension can better meet the needs of archaeologists for in-depth research on cultural relics.
With the development of LED technology and the innovation of shooting concept, the virtualized production technology based on LED curtain wall has attracted much attention in film and television creation. This technology uses the virtual imaging of the LED curtain wall as the shooting background to achieve real-time rendering and production. At the same time, the LED curtain wall, which is composed of multiple pixels, also has the lighting function. This paper summarizes the current lighting technology in virtual filming based on LED curtain wall and proposes solutions for the LED curtain wall’s visible distance and Moire pattern during filming.
With the development of LED technology and the innovation of shooting concept, the virtualized production technology based on LED curtain wall has attracted much attention in film and television creation. This technology uses the virtual imaging of the LED curtain wall as the shooting background to achieve real-time rendering and production. At the same time, the LED curtain wall, which is composed of multiple pixels, also has the lighting function. This paper summarizes the current lighting technology in virtual filming based on LED curtain wall and proposes solutions for the LED curtain wall’s visible distance and Moire pattern during filming.
In stereo image production, because the dual lens fixed baseline optical system cannot provide the scene imaging requirements under different object distances, and the existing dual lens system baseline is designed according to the pupil distance of human eyes, the working distance is limited, so it cannot effectively obtain the scene information outside the stereoscopic range of human eyes. In order to improve the creation and artistic effect of film and television images, increase the film lens language, and obtain more 3D image information, especially improve the long-distance depth information acquisition ability of the lens, this paper studies and design the expansion of variable baseline function on the basis of retaining the existing stereo imaging advantages of dual lens system
Virtual studio is a new type of studio technology. People make movies in the virtual digital studio, and after the post-processing system calculates and synthesizes the background, it can produce the same effect as the traditional studio and the real scene. At present, the digital virtual studio basically adopts low spacing LED large screen, which displays real-time images. The image output of real-time engine is combined with camera tracking, and the reasonable lighting and actor position are matched to generate the final image and video completely in the lens.One of the reasons is that the color, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), CRI (Color Render Index) and other characteristic parameters of some virtual backgrounds are not consistent with the real scene, that is, the spectrum curve of the image is not consistent with the real scene. This paper studies the spectrum curve of the simulation scene, through the actual measurement of the spectral curve data of different real scenes, and according to the real scene spectrum curve to design the algorithm of digital image and video, establish the relevant spectral characteristic spectrum model, do the corresponding digital image processing for the image and video of the virtual background, adjust the relevant CCT, chromaticity, illuminance, and so on Color rendering index and other parameters make the image displayed on the LED screen closer to the real scene and improve the production level of film and television.
As one of the traditional Seidel aberrations, image field curve is a common problem in lens design. Moreover, because the Petzval field curve is affected by the distance between the positive and negative power, the lens must be made longer to achieve perfect field curve correcting, which is a difficult problem for almost every design. Benefit from the advanced optoelectronic chip technology, some companies produce curved surface sensors to solve the image field curve. Curved CMOS is to bend the sensitive area to better receive the light from the edge. As long as the lens design matches the curvature of the sensor, the edge image quality can be effectively improved, and the edge image quality problem can be solved. The curved surface CMOS can also make the edge light direct to the edge of the CMOS, so that the sensitivity of the edge can be greatly improved. In this paper, an Ultra High-Definition large aperture lens for full frame surface sensor is designed. The full frame surface sensor is introduced into the lens design to improve the edge image quality and solve the problem of edge light loss on the basis of large aperture. The focal length of the lens is 50 mm, and the F1.4, the field of view angle is 46 ° and the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function)of the whole field of view is <0.4.
When the laser passes through the haze atmosphere, the laser interacts with the haze particles and scatters. The scattered light will take away the energy of the laser beam. At the same time, the scattered light maps the physical characteristics of the haze particles, such as the particle size parameters of the haze particles. Polarization information such as shape model, scale distribution, etc. Comprehensive analysis of the light intensity information, polarization information and spectral information of the scattered light and the main beam can not only draw the light scattering law of the haze particles, but also reflect the physical characteristics of the haze particles, so as to better improve the optics. The accuracy of the system's inspection of haze particles, so the use of light beams to study the relevant parameters of haze particles is becoming more and more important. This article first analyzes the physical parameters of the haze particles, and elaborates on the scattering theory of the laser beam by the haze example. In the artificially simulated haze environment, by changing the haze concentration and measuring distance, the attenuation change of the light intensity is measured. According to the Mie scattering theoryi, the direct-view and non-direct-view single-scattering models of haze spherical particles analyze the corresponding parameter relationships.
With the development of specific light environment design, people are no longer satisfied with the simple lighting needs of the light source in the traditional sense, and begin to pursue ideal vision in complex light environments. The creation of shadowless spaces has been widely used in various fields, such as medical treatment, photography, dynamic capture, etc. While enjoying the convenience brought by the shadowless space, people are also exploring the most optimized shadowless space design. This article proposes two design methods to achieve shadowless space. One is based on the design concept of traditional shadowless lamps. Light is evenly irradiated to the target object from different directions. By setting the number and position of the light source in the space, shadowless areas are produced within. The second is based on the semi-light principle in the integrating sphere to realize the shadowless space. The reflectivity of the inner surface of the spherical cavity is extremely high. The light emitted by the light source is reflected by the spherical cavity multiple times, and finally evolved into uniform illumination in the space. Diffuse reflection reaches the shadowless space. Based on these two ideas, we proposed two optical design systems and simulated these two systems with Tracepro.
Panoramic photography is now more and more used, it can become an important part of VR technology, 360° imaging and fish-eye wide angle photography. But in the studio or indoor environment, how to give panoramic photography lighting is a difficult thing, so we need a small, can spread the light source very well. This paper designs a light distribution method based on aspheric lens for photography light source, which can spread the LED light source in a compact space. Because the size of the lamp is very small, it can be hidden in the scene of panoramic photography. In the process of photography and imaging, it does not enter the image picture or produce noise light. This light setup can diffuse rays very wide angle, which can be used in panoramic image or ordinary indoor photography.
In this paper, we discussed the quality of image and the difficulty of the two models, multi-projector panorama system and fish-eye-projector system, according to principles and experimental operations. The multi-projector stitching model mainly analyzes simplified operations and the cooperation of softwares and hardwares in the course of the projection and optimization. Based on fish-eye-lens, we also designd a fish-eye-projector made of fish-eys-lens and ordinary projector to analyze the quality of lens from the perspective of a normal user.
Due to the development of 4K, 8K imaging technology, people have higher and higher requirements on the resolution and image quality of the picture. Demand for ultra-high definition video is increasing. However, there are still few lenses that can be used for 4k and 8k cameras, so the lens design requirements for ultra-high definition cameras for 4K and 8K shooting are increasing. This article focuses on the full-frame cameras. According to the existing ultra-high-definition lens, at first, the design requirements of the lens for the 4K camera are proposed, and then a high-resolution lens with a simple setup and a great imaging effect is designed. A lens system for ultra-high definition cameras was designed by using ZEMAX. The main optical parameters are: lens focal length is 50mm, aperture value F is 3.0, field of view angle is 46.8°, lens length is 69.29mm.The Sony IMX410CQK model image sensor is used.The design results show that the absolute value of the maximum distortion of the lens is less than 2%, the maximum field curvature is less than 0.2mm, and the MTF (modulation transfer function) of 40lp/mm within the 0.7 field of view is greater than 0.6, and the MTF at 80lp/mm is greater than 0.3. The lens consists of infrared filter, aspherical lens and ordinary lenses. The optical setup is compact and easy to process.
At present, LED is widely used as an illumination source. Because its spatial intensity is similar to lambertin distribution, the divergence angle of the beam is large, so that the light intensity of the LED source is rapidly attenuated as the propagation distance increases. Increasing the power of the LED light source will cause many LEDs to be packaged into a larger area chip, so that it is difficult to solve the beam uniformization and the collimated light by using a general collimating optical lens. In this paper, a collimated light system based on LED light source array is designed, which can produce a beam of collimated light from the high-power large-area LED, and low chromatic aberration occurs in the optical system. Such a light source optical system can be used as a super power parallel light source of many optical instruments such as an LED light source projector, a high power spotlight, a photographic illumination light source and the like. In the paper, optical design software zemax is used to optimize and design the optical lenses.
Based on the panoramic annular lens proposed by Professor Greguss, a new design of cemented compact two channel panoramic annular is introduced. The system consists of a triplet PAL, aperture stop and relay lens group. The triplet PAL have two field of views channels, 360°×60-99°and 360°×94-120°. The cemented surfaces are not only helpful to improve the freedom of design, but also correct the chromatic aberration.
This paper designed a large fisheye conversion lens work for digital projector, the lens work in many applications where users simply want to project a very wide angle onto the screen, such as simulation, immersive environments, and amusement parks. This lens can be applied to most of the current commercial projectors, and the projection ratio of the current commercial projector can reach 0.6 to 0.8: 1, the optical aperture is larger than the diameter of 220mm.
For LED light sources, attaching an optical system for light distribution is of great significance. The uneven illumination intensity at observe plane generated by the LED can’t reach the required degree everywhere. In order to achieve that, can only increase the overall power, which is a waste of resources. This paper designed an optical system to achieve rectangular uniform illumination. The relationship between the coordinates of freeform surface and the coordinate points of the target surface was established, and the differential equations that the free surface should satisfy were deduced, and got its numerical solution. Freeform lens is modeled and ray-traced. After analyzing the simulation results, the optical system basically achieves uniform rectangular lighting effects.
Currently LED as a light source is more and more widely applied, this paper presents an optical system design for LED source array base on a Fresnel lens array on a circular disc and a pair of circular mirrors that can compose of LED light together, forming a small area in the high luminance light source optical system can form a high power source system, this system can solve the heat dissipation problem of LED, and then the beam array are uniform, with no color aberration generated by this optical system. Such light source optical system can be used as the LED light source projector, high power shooting lamp, photography light, and many optical instruments such as super power point light source. The use of optical design software to optimize the design and calculation of optical parameters of circular and spherical mirror, based on beam analysis, realize the ideal LED light source array of a general set of optical system structure, can be used to design the others array light source.
This paper described implementing the shadowless space by two kinds of methods. The first method will implement the shadowless space utilizing the semblable principles used in the integrating sphere. The rays from a built in light source will eventually evolve into a uniform lighting through diffuse reflections for numerous times, consider that the spherical cavity structure and the inner surface with high reflectivity. There is possibility to create a shadowless space through diffuse reflections. At a 27.4m2 area, illuminance uniformity achieved 88.2% in this model. The other method is analogous with the method used in medical shadowless lamps. Lights will fall on the object in different angles and each light will generate a shadow. By changing the position distribution of multiple lights, increasing the number of light sources, the possibility of obtaining shadowless area will gradually increase. Based on these two approaches, two simple models are proposed showing the optical system designed for the shadowless space. By taking simulation software TracePro as design platform, this paper simulated the two systems.
Panoramic imaging has been closely watched as one of the major technologies of AR and VR. Mainstream panoramic imaging techniques lenses include fish-eye lenses, image splicing, and catadioptric imaging system. Meanwhile, fish-eyes are widely used in the big picture video surveillance. The advantage of fish-eye lenses is that they are easy to operate and cost less, but how to solve the image distortion of fish-eye lenses has always been a very important topic. In this paper, the image calibration algorithm of fish-eye lens is studied by comparing the method of interpolation, bilinear interpolation and double three interpolation, which are used to optimize the images.
The structure of main lens - Micro Lens Array (MLA) - imaging sensor is usually adopted in optical system of light field camera, and the MLA is the most important part in the optical system, which has the function of collecting and recording the amplitude and phase information of the field light. In this paper, a novel optical system structure is proposed. The novel optical system is based on the 4f optical structure, and the micro-aperture array (MAA) is used to instead of the MLA for realizing the information acquisition of the 4D light field. We analyze the principle that the novel optical system could realize the information acquisition of the light field. At the same time, a simple MAA, line grating optical system, is designed by ZEMAX software in this paper. The novel optical system is simulated by a line grating optical system, and multiple images are obtained in the image plane. The imaging quality of the novel optical system is analyzed.
With the VR(Virtual Reality) technology becoming a hot spot nowadays, one of the key technology--panoramic imaging technology is particularly important. This paper simply introduces various types of panoramic imaging technology, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the hyperboloidal and paraboloidal catadioptric panoramic imaging system in principle and other aspects. The mathematical models of the hyperboloidal and paraboloidal system is established, and the related system is also designed.
Augmented reality(AR) technology is becoming the study focus, and the AR effect of the light field imaging makes the research of light field camera attractive. The micro array structure was adopted in most light field information acquisition system(LFIAS) since emergence of light field camera, micro lens array(MLA) and micro pinhole array(MPA) system mainly included. It is reviewed in this paper the structure of the LFIAS that the Light field camera commonly used in recent years. LFIAS has been analyzed based on the theory of geometrical optics. Meanwhile, this paper presents a novel LFIAS, plane grating system, we call it "micro aperture array(MAA." And the LFIAS are analyzed based on the knowledge of information optics; This paper proves that there is a little difference in the multiple image produced by the plane grating system. And the plane grating system can collect and record the amplitude and phase information of the field light.
Space Laser communication is a new technology in recent years of optical communications, optical antenna is a
communications front receiving system, compose of the optical antenna receiver, optical fiber coupling lenses. Optical
antenna to receive as much as possible the signal light from the target of free space, In this paper, 10.6μm wavelength of infrared light for communication wave, we use spherical mirror and aspheric lens combination of the system, Design of
large diameter concave mirror to collect more laser energy, After another spherical convex mirror reflection again to
aspherical lens, then coupled into the fiber. The aspheric lens can be a good feature to correct aberration, so this design
has less transmission loss and high coupling efficiency. Using Zemax software, we setting reasonable energy analysis
and image quality evaluation, design spherical mirrors and aspherical refractive lenses optical system, has good optical
performance and economy, can be apply on the atmospheric Laser communication the receiving device.
In some special circumstances, some dynamic infrared target need to be detected and identificated on the static
background, This paper presents a correlation identification device based on spatial light modulator for infrared imaging
system, a 4F Fourier transform system added to infrared imaging system, The images captured by infrared camera is
loaded onto the input plane of 4Fsystem in real time using spatial light modulator, After a Fourier transform lens and the
digital image transform of its spectrum pattern, in this spectrum plane a special device is placed, and the device is
pre-proseecing through the background of the target then made into the matched filter, Thus, once again through another
Fourier transform lens to do the inverse Fourier transform, When there is a specific dynamic infrared target in the
background, the image loaded on the spatial light modulator will be different, the output plane will produce significantly
different output signal, Thus, in a very short period of time to complete the dynamic target recognition. This design can
transformed infrared image into coherent lignt information processing, it can improve recognition speed and reduce the
identification error, to do parallel multi-channel target recognition.
The conducting mesh are used in many infrared-imaging windows, it can provides anti-frost, anti-fog, or electromagnetic
wave attenuation functions. In this paper, the influence of conducting mesh for infrared optical system discussed base on
Fourier optics principle. The performance evaluation for image including optical system transmission, modulation
transfer function and point spread function. Through the mesh transmission function of Fourier transform calculate and
analysis, then show the light intensity distribution behind mesh. Given and calculate per rectangular pupil hole function
of the mesh, to discuss value changes of Modulation Transfer Function with mesh. So the conducting mesh parameter
design and optimize could according to these analysis results. In same time, this paper put forward an example of the
mesh design parameters.
In digital holographic disc storage, in order to achieve accurate data quickly read and write, and reduce the bit error rate,
it is necessary to make pixel 1:1 match between spatial light modulator (SLM) and charge coupled device (CCD).
However, how to make the Fourier lens precision assembly and achieve pixel match is a difficult problem. In this paper,
based on the Moire fringe of precision measurement technology, a method was to put forward because some Moire
fringe appearance can indicate the location error of machine parts and magnification of lens, on the point of angle and
cycle analysis of Moire fringe, this problem can be solve. Experiment showed that use of this method the pixel 1:1 match
between SLM and CCD achieved. The raw bit error rate of SLM reached 1.5x10-4 and 2.5x10-4 for mask.
This paper focus on a novel collinear lens system with annulus mirrors for holographic disc driver, both information
beam and reference beam are use same laser beam. The expanded and parallel laser beam, center part of it as the
information beam then through Fourier transform lens, the beam around center part as a reference beam. On this axis, the
ring reference beam reflected by two annulus shaped mirrors, then became a convergent beam, together with the
information beam which through the first Fourier transform lens then produce holographic pattern to be write into the
holographic disc behind of them, this lens system with two mirrors made the angle between information beam and
reference beam more wide, can improved the multiplex level of holographic storage. Pair of Fourier transform lens with
advance performance is designed in this paper.
A pair of cascade lenses, a Fourier-transform lens and an imaging lens, is the key component in a volume holographic data-storage system (HDSS) for writing in and reading out the information in holographic recording material respectively. For a high-density holographic data-storage system, performances of these lenses are critical. In order to obtain precise input and output information, and reduce the bit-error rate in the retrieved data, the accurate pixel matching between the whole high-resolution page of SLM and CCD must be ensured. To meet these requirements, in this paper the design of this lens is discussed in detail. In this paper we designed the lenses of unsymmetrical structure and compact profile, and the maximal image distortion of the lens less than 0.01%, and the MTF value at the spatial frequency 40 LP/mm greater than 0.5 over the whole view-field. Other aberrations such as spherical aberration, field curvature, comatic were well corrected. The lens can realize pixel matching between 1024x768 of SLM and CCD. Furthermore, the effect of the manufacture accuracy of the lens on its image quality was analyzed, based on which the optimum parameters and manufacture/assembly tolerance are given.
The recent research on high-density, large-capacity, nonvolatile holographic storage in photorefractive crystals, carried out at Beijing University of Technology, is reviewed in this paper. A batch thermal fixing technique was developed to overcome the volatility of a large number of multiplexed holograms, which has also proved to increase the effective dynamic range of crystals, hence to increase the storage density. The key of this technique is determination of the inter-batch optical erasure time constant that is much longer than the convenient (intra-batch) erasure time constant of the crystal. Disk-type storage is proposed to increase the degree of spatial multiplexing, so that the whole volume of the material can be used for storage, and the capacity increases remarkably. Incorporating batch thermal fixing into holographic disk storage yields to a track-division thermal fixing (TDTF) scheme for holographic disk storage to overcome the volatility of information and increase the storage density and capacity as well. Analyses and experimental results on a high density of 50 bits/μm2 (10 Gbits/cm3) show that high-density huge-capacity mass storage, indicated by storing 1 tera-bits or more data in a single crystal of reasonable size, can be achieved by means of TDTF holographic disk storage scheme.
The batch-thermal fixing scheme was combined into holographic disk storage, for the first time to our knowledge, yielding to a track-division thermal fixing scheme (TDTF), in order to increase the storage density and overcome the volatility of the holographic memories. As a specific batch-thermal fixing scheme, the concept of TDTF scheme was described in this paper. Three principal holographic time-constants of a photorefractive crystal for TDTF scheme were measured, based on which an appropriate exposure-time sequence was calculated and applied to record multiple holograms. The disk mount has been designed and finely manufactured, consequently, the reposition accuracy of the crystal disk can meet the requirement after the crystal experienced off-line thermal fixing. 5000 images, each contains 768×768 pixels, divided into 4 tracks , have been stored in a disk-shaped 0.03wt% Fe doped LiNbO3 crystal using TDTF scheme. The samples of retrieved holograms showed approximately equal diffraction efficiency and good fidelity. The Experiment resulted in a high areal density of 50 bits/μm2 and volume density of 10 Gbits/cm3.
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