We proposed and demonstrated an all-optical triode based on a tandem wavelength converter using cross-gain
modulation (XGM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Negative feedback optical amplification scheme, which
has the key advantages of reducing bit error rate and waveform reshaping at the output, was employed in this optical
triode. This scheme utilizes an input signal and a negative feedback signal (a signal with reverse intensity to the input)
and they were fed together into the optical amplifier. Manipulating the intensity of negative feedback signal enabled the
noise suppression effect to be optimized and the outputs recorded improvements in bit error rate (BER) and also
undergone waveform reshaping shown by the eye-pattern. In negative feedback optical amplifier, the negative feedback
signal and input signal were fed into the SOA. However, due to XGM mechanism, there is a setback in which both
signals could not be simultaneously fed. Therefore, by using an optical delay, negative feedback timing was manipulated
and we investigate timing characteristics of negative feedback optical amplifier with BER and eye-pattern waveforms at
10 Gb/s.
We demonstrated that the wavelength range of lasing generated in optical loop amplifiers can be controlled by varying the reflection wavelength range of an add/drop filter. Controlling the lasing wavelength range enabled the gain to be precisely controlled relative to the input wavelength. The ring-down pulse waveform exhibits similar behavior to an optical memory when the lasing region is close to the input wavelength and it is exponentially attenuated when the region is far from the input. When the optical loop memory effect is optimized, a 200 ns optical pulse can be retained in the memory for 20 μs.
Eye-pattern diagrams confirmed a negative feedback effect was generated by the band pass filter in the module. The
negative feedback effect is able to recover signal loss to a far higher definition and a much lower error probability. The
modulation degree ratios of the module with negative feedback also appeared to have optical characteristics of a higher
fidelity and a more stable baseline. All of our results confirmed the fact that the module induces a negative feedback
response. The all-optical triode equipped with the module was functional at a control power range of 0.01 to 1 mW.
Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) having nano-sized quantum dot (QD) particles show attractive features such as
the achievement of a steady temperature characteristic, low power consumption, and a high-speed response to the input
signal. QD active layers were designed to 15 stacks of InAs QDs, AlGaAs/GaAs double hetero structure. QD-SOAs
were fabricated for optical triode that can be used with a 1.3 μm band. Modulation results extracted by input, control and
output waveforms support the fact that cross-gain modulation and negative feedback amplification effect can be strongly
contributed to obtain essential factors for future application such as dramatical baseline suppression of output signal and
satisfying high modulation. Optical triode revealed inverted type characteristics that high output power can readily
obtained by be increased quite small amount of input power while output power rarely change though input power
increase high. Fulfillment of far more upgraded stable high-speed bit rate was completed by optical triode improved by
QD-SOA and it's containing cross-gain modulation effect. 40 Gbps performance optical triode will be the accelerator for
realization of the functions of regeneration, reshaping, multiple-wavelength processing, wavelength conversion, and
demultiplexing of high-bit rate patterned optical signals.
Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) module, RSOA, SOA with mirror has become an essential component to be at
the head of negative feedback amplification effect, optimum gain, and cross-gain modulation with demand for longer
transmission lengths. The SOA module is expected to have an advantage of exhibiting much faster negative feedback
(NF) response because distance of optical signal passing through component to component is shorten than system
connected with fibers. Scattered degree and baseline line difference of eye-pattern diagrams demonstrated that NF effect
can be compensated compactness and stability from band pass filter in SOA module. Modulation degree (MD) of input
and output signals confirmed that SOA module with NF effect can be stabilized gain and waveguide of output signal and
reduced a wave distortion as well as consistent with results in eye-pattern waveform and bit error rate (BER). All-optical
switching triode with SOA module was realized in about 60 % output modulation degree at control power range of 0.01
to 1 mW. We propose that our manufactured SOA module become strong component candidate to realize all optical
switching triode with NF effect for high speed optical processing in next generation.
An all-optical triode based on a tandem wavelength converter was realized in reflective InGaAsP-InP semiconductor optical amplifiers using the same 1551 nm wavelength for input, control and output. The output power ranged from 0 to 2 mW when the average control power was varied from 0 to 0.3 mW. Therefore, the output-input characteristics can be changed dynamically by low control powers. The output modulation degree was retained over a wide control power range of 0.01-1 mW. Because of its characteristics, this device can become a key component in future all-optical signal processing. In addition, a negative feedback optical amplification effect was confirmed using negative feedback based on cross-gain modulation in the all-optical triode. The optical amplification is capable of providing an output signal whose gain, waveform and baseline are stabilized without generating excessive noise. The amplification degree is retained at around 0 dB at an input power range of 0.01-1 mW and reaches -2 dB at 5 mW. The desired amplification can be adjusted by changing the amount of the negative feedback using the variable optical attenuator. The distortion of the waveform was extremely small in the wide frequency band of 0.1-10 GHz. The optical amplifier is physically considered as the optical equivalent of a non-inverting negative feedback amplifier and is capable of constituting an optical limiter.
All-optical triode derived from tandem wavelength conversion was realized using a distributed feed back laser diode and a semiconductor optical amplifier. The first of the converter was based on cross-gain modulation in the DFB laser diode whereby conversion from an input wavelength of 1555 nm to the wavelength of 1548 nm was accomplished in the laser diode. The 1548 nm was converted to a wavelength of a control laser in the semiconductor optical amplifier in the second stage. The output wavelength was selected using a tunable control laser and an arrayed wavelength grating filter. The output power with the input signal was controlled by the control power. The all-optical triode has the input and output characteristics in the same manner as the triode in electronics.
An all-optical fiber device derived form the multiphoton absorption and erbium-doped fiber amplifier was demonstrated in erbium-doped fibers using 1510-1570 nm laser diodes. The reversed-phase waveforms were obtained in the transmitted laser at modulation degrees smaller than 87 percent and at modulation frequencies from 10 kHz to 1 GHz.
Dependence of the negative nonlinear absorption effect (NNA effect) on modulation frequency was investigated in an erbium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Er:LuAG) crystal at the wavelength of 787.8 nm. When the intensity of the incident laser irradiated on Er:LuAG and Er:YAG crystals was wavy, those crystals were observed NNA effect that the transmitted laser intensity shows opposite phase of the incident laser at the wavelength of about 788 nm. The transmitted waveforms changed to the opposite phase of the incident waveform for modulation frequencies up to 1 GHz. For 1 GHz, the peak of the reversed-phase waveform was shifted by approximately 250 ps.
Compositions which vitrify by means of a conventional glass melting method, containing a large amount of erbium ion were investigated in aluminosilicate, phosphate, borate, borosilicate, telluride and fluoride systems. As a result of melting test, we obtain some glasses which contain higher than 20 mol% erbium. In transparent materials containing erbium an anomalous optical absorption phenomena have been reported by Maeda et al. With increasing in an incident laser light intensity, the transmitted one through the transparency such as the glass decreases, that is called negative nonlinear absorption (NNA) effect. With a particular modulation degree of an incident laser light, the transmitted waveform were reversed in phase to an incident one. The NNA effect in these glasses was observed over a wide band of the wavelength, while in erbium doped yttrium aluminum garnet and erbium doped lutetium aluminum garnet crystals were observed at a narrow band. The discrepancy of the NNA effect between the glasses and the crystals might be explained in the term of absorption spectrum associated with erbium. Namely, the absorption spectra of erbium doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal have a narrow absorption band of 788 nm, while that of the glasses have broad absorption band of about 800 nm.
An all-optical inverter, which operates over a temperature range of -200 to 750 degree(s)C, was demonstrated in erbium- doped borate glass. The dependence of negative nonlinear absorption effect on sample temperature and modulation degree was investigated, using an 810.0 nm laser diode. Reversed-phase waveforms were observed in the transmitted waveform in the temperature range. The glass transition temperature was measured to be 708 degree(s)C by differential thermal analysis. With a decreasing modulation degree, the reversed-phase waveform was obtained. The effect has a characteristic which is almost independent of the sample temperature because it is formed by optical transitions of the inner shell of the erbium ion.
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