We have developed the 100 ns high-time resolution optical camera based on the Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) called ”Imager of MPPC-based Optical photoN counter from Yamagata (IMONY)”. IMONY has three important parts: the customized sensor, the front-end board, and the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The sensor is made with the MPPC composed of a monolithic Geiger-mode Avalanche PhotoDiodes (GAPD) array. The photon detection efficiency is more than 60% at 450nm. The feature that GAPD can detect a single photon has cons in terms of dynamic range, while has pros in terms of nothing readout noise. A detected photon is converted to a photo-electron, and it is multiplied ∼106 times larger via avalanche amplification. The front-end board has a comparator and the amplified signal is recognized as a single photon when the pulse height exceeds a threshold. The output signal is sent to the FPGA and given a timestamp of 100ns accuracy. In January 2023 and October 2023, we mounted IMONY for two Japanese optical telescopes. One is the 1.5m Kanata telescope, Hiroshima, Japan. The other is the 3.8m Seimei telescope, Okayama, Japan. We observed the Crab pulsar and detected pulses for all rotations (one pulse per single rotation) more than 5σ for the main pulse phase.
The Ka-/Q-band in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum is important for astrophysical and astrochemical research, particularly in the subfield of interstellar medium (ISM). The two bands cover not only the fundamental lines of the abundant dense gas tracer CS and its isotopologues but also a vast number of transitions of relatively large, long-chain, and/or complex organic species. Here, through a Taiwan-Japan collaboration, an extended Q-band (30-50GHz) receiver is built for Nobeyama 45-m telescope. The receiver front-end was installed at Nobeyama 45-m telescope in Nov. 2021 and obtained its first light in the same month. Commissioning and science verification (CSV) of the receiver was conducted in the first half of 2022. After commissioning, this receiver will be the only one in the world providing capability to cover 3 Zeeman transitions simultaneously at 7mm wavelength installed at large single dish telescope. It will be one of the most powerful facilities to explore the magnetic fields towards the pre-protostellar cores.
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