KEYWORDS: Tissues, Blood circulation, Biological imaging, In vivo imaging, Animals, Two photon excitation microscopy, Image stabilization, Two photon imaging, Animal model studies
Two-photon microscopy provides subcellular-resolution imaging deep into animal tissues, and is frequently used for the study of biological and disease processes. However, its applicability in vivo is complicated by physiological movement. We demonstrate treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX), an already FDA-approved alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, to reduce tissue oscillation frequency and amplitude in the livers of anesthetized mice. Fluorescence intensity and focal quality fluctuations were found to improve for 30 minutes after administration, indicating that dexmedetomidine may be used to improve imaging quality in two-photon intravital microscopy studies. These results will likely generalize to other imaging modalities, target tissues, and animal models.
Omnidirectional side-view images from miniaturized catadioptric endoscopes may be used to generate mosaics of the epithelium of tubular organs, enabling the longitudinal monitoring of surface pathologies. Here, previous results are extended to create three-dimensional sub-mm resolution 3.5 cm × 360° reconstructions of pediatric cardiac phantoms. From image stacks with a single annulus of best focus captured via parabolic mirrors, adjacent rings within the focused region may be used to infer depth via parallax while rings of best focus are used to color the inferred geometry. Potential applications include digital reconstruction of pediatric and small-animal organs for diagnostics and surgical guidance at near-cellular resolution.
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