Interconnect to high density electronic components is an increasingly important problem in electronics production. While most commercial circuit boards and flex circuits are limited to interconnect spacing in the range of 100 microns, standard photo imaging methods can be pushed down to the range of 50 microns, although typically with significantly reduced yields; further increases in interconnect densities requires the use of more exotic methods. Here we discuss two such methods, direct write exposure of photo-resist using a low power UV laser to produce a positive image of the interconnect pattern, and the closely related, somewhat higher power UV laser ablation of photo-resist to produce a negative image of the circuit. These methods currently offer reduced trace size, increased flexibility in trace placement, and up to a factor of two reduction in interconnect spacing with excellent yields; further improvements in trace density are anticipated with improved laser optics and non-Gaussian beam shaping techniques.
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