Dr. Brian K. Keller Profile

Dr. Brian K. Keller

at Univ of Montana

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 2004 Paper

Characterization of long pathlength capillary waveguides for evanescent chemical sensing applications

Brian Keller, Michael DeGrandpre, Christopher Palmer

Proceedings Volume 5585, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.579777

KEYWORDS: Capillaries, Absorbance, Waveguides, Reflection, Silica, Sensors, Spectrophotometry, Interfaces, Adsorption, Fiber optics sensors

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Light-guiding fused silica capillary tubing has promising applications in the field of chemical sensors. Light propagation in these waveguides occurs within the fused silica capillary wall as opposed to liquid core waveguides where light traverses the solution-filled inner core. The electric field of light within the capillary wall extends slightly into the capillary inner diameter as an evanescent wave. An evaluation of the optical absorbance characteristics of these novel capillaries was performed by coupling the light source from a spectrophotometer into a capillary waveguide flow cell. A series of four thiacyanine dyes in methanol solution provided distinct absorbance peaks throughout the visible spectrum (400-800 nm). Evanescent absorbance values show a linear dependence upon capillary length up to ~10 m (with 150 mm inner diameter). Evanescent absorbance measurements were nonlinear with solution concentration for all capillary lengths and may be attributed to adsorption of the ionic dye on the capillary fused silica inner surface. The waveguide effective pathlength ratio (EPLR) was determined by comparing evanescent absorbance values to conventional measurements in a 0.1 mm pathlength cuvette. The EPL is on the order of 10^-5-10^-6 m per meter of capillary tubing and also shows wavelength dependence. The evanescent field penetration depth ratios from experiment were dp ratio (424 nm) = 0.60 ± 0.07, dp ratio (557 nm) = 0.78 ± 0.10, and dp ratio (652 nm) = 0.73 ± 0.07 when normalized to dp ratio (758 nm) and compare reasonably with predicted values of 0.56, 0.73, 0.86, and 1.00 respectively. Absorbance sensitivity was investigated with 50, 150, and 250 mm inner diameter capillaries (360 mm outer diameter) that have theoretical inner reflection ratios of 1, 1.7, and 6.9 respectively. Experimentally measured ratios were 1, 2.0 ± 0.9, and 6.5 ± 1.2.

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