The paper presents the results of a study of mesoscale vortex structures in Lake Baikal according to remote sensing data include a set of AVHRR-derived water surface temperature images for the ice-free period from 1998 to 2017. It is shown that mesoscale vortices are common in Lake Baikal and observed from the beginning of July to the middle or even the end of November. The horizontal dimensions, duration of existence, and horizontal temperature gradient at the boundary of these structures were determined using to satellite-based data.
Because of research, a schematic map of the localization of anticyclonic and cyclonic vortex formations in the lake during the cooling period was compiled. The intra-annual and inter-annual variability of the characteristics of the anticyclonic vortex formation on the border of the North and Central Basins of the lake near the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula during the ice-free period has been studied.
The paper is devoted to large-scale and zonal atmospheric factors of climate variability over the territory of the Baikal region. This territory is considered to be one of the regions with highest rates of climate change according to Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet). The investigation was made of high- and low-frequency components in multidecadal timescales of climatic indices dynamics on the basis of trend, correlation, and spectrum analyses. The climatic indices determine and distinguish variability in pressure fields and geopotential at high latitudes in the Northern hemisphere, in the northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans throughout the time period of 1950–2017. Particular emphasis was put on searching for causes of increasingly arid climate in the Baikal region in summer months of 2000–2017, when the number of forest fires in the region rose dramatically. Winds having a southerly component at the height of middle troposphere were identified as the contributing factor for enhancing heat advection.
The Secchi disk depth is one of the most important physical indicators of the water clarity. When studying Lake Baikal with the surface area of 31,722 sq. km, remote sensing is a necessary tool to assess the Secchi disk depth within the entire lake. To develop regional algorithms for estimating the Secchi disk depth in Lake Baikal is based on the use of a set of coincident AVHRR data and in situ Secchi disk depth measurements. Because of research, the linear algorithm for the periods from the beginning of June to mid-July and from midSeptember to the end of October and the nonlinear algorithm for the period from mid-July to mid-September with the root-mean-square error of 1.9 and 0.9 meters respectively were developed. A series of maps of the distribution of the Secchi disk depth in Lake Baikal for the ice-free period of different years was created using the AVHRR-based regional algorithms.
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