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Wenwen Li

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Proceedings Article | 6 November 2023 Paper

A comparative study of the luminous flux of two ground-based airglow imaging interferometers

Cunxia Li, Yan Fang, Yangyang Xue, Yanghe Liu, Ningjv Xi, Wenwen Li, Lingqing Li, Yuanhe Tang

Proceedings Volume 12921, 129212Q (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2690940

KEYWORDS: Airglow, Equipment, Transmittance, Liquid crystal on silicon, Charge-coupled devices, Electrons, Imaging systems, Sagnac interferometers, Interferograms, Photons

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Ground-Based Airglow Imaging Interferometer (GBAII) is functioning as a key instrument for passive remote sensing to detect information such as wind speed, temperature and volume emissivity in the upper atmosphere over the earth. It is one of the biggest technical challenges to develop a high-precision high-flux GBAII and then obtain the imaging interferogram of faint airglow using the GBAII. In this article, we developed two GBAIIs (GBAII-LCoS and GBAVTII) and studied and compared the luminous flux of the two GBAIIs. By deriving the luminous flux expression and executing calculations, we learned that the luminous flux of GBAII-LCoS for O₂(0-1)867.7 nm, O(¹S)557.7 nm, O(¹D) 630.0 nm and OH(8-3)732.0 nm airglow is 10⁷ photons s^-1, while the luminous flux of GBAVTII for the same airglow is 10⁹ photons s^-1, showing a difference of two orders of magnitude. Both GBAII-LCoS and GBAVTII have a stronger capability to receive O₂(0-1) than the other three types of airglows. Based on specific studies, we obtained the different incident angles corresponding to the maximum luminous flux of the same airglow. According to the comparison of outdoor experiment results relating to these two ground-based instruments, six interference rings are theoretically obtained by imaging 12 airglow spectral lines of O₂(0-1) 867.7 nm, while five clear interference rings are obtained via the outdoor experiment of GBAVTII with the number of electrons around 1800-2200e. However, GBAII-LCoS only obtains three distinguishable rings with the number of electrons around 1100-1200e. The contrast ratio of interference rings obtained by the two instruments is 8:3, indicating that GBAVTII have a greater capability to collect nightglow. The study results in this article will provide a theoretical and experimental basis for further improving the luminous flux of ground-based imaging interferometers.

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