In the application scenarios of high dynamic natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and hurricanes, the spectral information and time sensitivity of detection images are required to be high. This paper discusses the background of multi-source information detection of optical SAR and the progress of integrated technology, compares and analyzes the characteristics of the existing integrated technology system, and puts forward a new optics and SAR coaperture Imaging System. The SAR payload part uses light and small planar phased array antenna, which has excellent performance, but as part of an integrated system, and there is no matching optical system. Therefore, a new optical imaging scheme is proposed. Using a flat-plate grating primary mirror and a SAR detection mechanism in parallel layer in the aperture direction, so as to embed a planar phased array antenna in the optical system. The system can realize the co-aperture coupling matching between optical load and radar load detection area without affecting the reception of each signal. The planar grating primary mirror realize optical folding while realizing large equivalent aperture, and provide spectral resolution. The system is small in size and light in weight, which can save more platform space and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of optical-SAR image fusion in orbit.
With high time resolution and wide coverage, GF-4 camera can achieve high-frequency repeated monitoring over a wide range of areas within a certain period of time. However, there are some problems of its sequence images, such as shaking, non-prominent ship targets and insufficient brightness in sea area, which are not conducive to the detection of moving ships. Thus, a hierarchical registration algorithm combining SURF and SIFT, and an image enhancement algorithm combining wavelet threshold denoising and Top-hat filtering was proposed to solve these problems. Matlab’s experiment proves that the processed image can almost only contain the highlighted target and the black background, which improves the accuracy of subsequent ship monitoring.
GAOFEN-4 is a high-resolution optical remote sensing satellite on geosynchronous orbit, which has been found the potential to monitor the moving ships on the sea. Some classic moving ships target detection algorithms are studied. A new algorithm is proposed for the sequence images of GAOFEN-4 satellite, which can effectively suppress the interference of noise on moving ships target detection by performing the defogging of dark channel prior and a moving detection with visual background extractor. Some experiments are executed with real sequence images. It shows that the new algorithm is better than classic target detection algorithms for the sequence images.
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