Structured illumination microscope (SIM) enables high temporal resolution wide field-of-view super-resolution imaging but typically provides only two-fold resolution improvement over the diffraction limit. We report speckle metamaterial-assisted illumination nanoscopy (Speckle-MAIN) which brings the resolution down to 40nm and beyond. A hyperbolic metamaterial structure is implemented as substrate to generate deep sub-wavelength speckle-like illumination pattern at the near field of the metamaterial. Fluorescent objects are illuminated by such high spatial-frequency near field illuminations and are reconstructed by a Blind-SIM algorithm. Speckle-MAIN provides a new route for low-cost easy-implemented super-resolution imaging with ultra-high resolution and biocompatibility.
In the past two decades, various super-resolution fluorescence microscopic techniques have achieved an axial resolution on the order of tens of nanometers and been applied for a wide range of biological studies. However, these imaging techniques still face technical challenges to reach a resolution below 10 nm. Moreover, the required complex system for these techniques limits their wide applications in practice. In this talk, we present a new cellular fluorescence imaging method with a nanometer-scale axial resolution, based on a distance-dependent photobleaching suppression of fluorophores on hyperbolic metamaterial. We will show that by applying this technology to image HeLa cell membranes tagged with fluorescent proteins, an axial resolution of ~3 nm at multiple colors can be achieved, allowing for a precise determination of the architecture of cell adhesion.
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