Interactions with double strand structure of DNA enhance or modify the optical characteristics of organic dyes through
its influences on electronic and structural properties. We investigated the absorption and emission spectra of several
types of water soluble cyanine dyes, showing that the quite low concentration of DNA has large effects on the aggregate
behaviors of the dyes in solutions and complex films. This effect was applied to control the J-aggregate formation of
pseudo-isocyanine dye, demonstrating the J-aggregate spectra in solutions and polymer films with rather low
concentration of the dyes. These results were important for realization of novel optical devices such as solid state dye
laser and nonlinear optical switches incorporating DNA and other relating materials.
Crosslinking reactions of DNA film by UV irradiation were investigated in terms of structural changes
which indicated the formation of -O-P-O- bond. The UV-cured DNA films were applied to medical uses
for cell culture and wound-healing of skin, which were very effective for medical applications.
DNA-CTMA or DNA-CTMA-PMMA films have been studied as a potential material for waveguide type thin-film
photonic devices such as dye-doped thin film lasers, optical waveguide amplifiers, or optical waveguide switches. For
the purpose of evaluate processability, not only optical characteristics of the fluorescence intensity but also moisture
resistance of the film have been investigated. It is found that optical characteristics of those films are equally matched to
the conventional DNA-CTMA films with better moisture resistivity. Waveguide fabrication experiments by using
DNA-CTMA-PMMA films showed good moisture resistant nature and processability.
This paper describes preparations of innovative photonic devices based on high purity DNA molecules which
are obtained from Salmon roe. DNA molecules have characteristic features of double helical chain structures
where aromatic compounds can intercalate into the stacked layers so that various optically active aromatic dyes
indicate strong enhancement effects of photonic activities. Thus, various DNA photonic devices have been
developed in the world in terms of optical switches, electro-luminescence (EL), lasers and so on. However, these
DNA photonic devices adsorb moisture in the air because of hydrophilic character of DNA molecules, leading to
decrease photonic activities. Nevertheless, it was found by my group that a novel hybridization method of the
dye-intercalated DNA molecules by means of so-called so-gel process increased stabilities and durability of DNA
photonic devices under environmental changes. Also, hybridization of dye-intercalated DNA devices with synthetic
polymers including fluorinated poly(methylmethacrylate ) or polycarbonates was successfully carried out by
solution blending method, followed by casting the solution to obtain these films which showed stability and
durability increases of these DNA photonic devices.
DNA-lipid complexes showed a very strong fluorescence amplification by chelating with rare earth metals such
as Europium or Telbiumu compounds. This paper also describes the chelate effects of rare earth metal compounds
for light amplifications.
Recent research results on DNA-lipid complexes have shown various attractive features on E/O or O/E devices, optical
memories, switches and sensors by intercalating optical dye into DNA double helix. DNA devices absorbed water
under high humidity which led to decreases of optical functions. However, it is possible to improve the stability of DNA
devices by encapsulating the DNA-lipid complexes into sol-gel materials or synthetic polymers so that water permeation
is prevented by glass or synthetic polymers to stabilize and to keep the optical functions for a long time. This research
aims at stability improvements of the DNA photon devices by sealing the DNA devices either by sol-gel glass or polymer
blending.
Laser-dye-doped-DNA-CTMA-PMMA hybrid films have been studied as a potential material for waveguide type
thin-film laser devices. For the purpose of evaluate improving processability, not only optical characteristics of the
fluorescence intensity and ASE spectrum but also moisture resistance of the hybrid film have been investigated. It is
found that optical characteristics of those films are equally matched to the conventional laser-dye-doped- DNA-CTMA
films with better moisture resistivity.
A DFB laser structure utilizing dye-doped-DNA-lipid films and etchless grating has been studied for potential application to thin-film single longitudinal mode lasers. Although further improvement should be necessary for laser characteristic, the lasing threshold of about 1 mJ/cm2 was obtained and single longitudinal mode operation has been successfully achieved.
Recent research results on DNA-lipid complexes have shown various attractive features on E/O or O/E devices, optical memories, switches and sensors by intercalating optical dye into DNA double helix. Physical properties of DN-lipid complexes are greatly dependent on kinds of lipids and chiral lipids from α-amino acids were prepared so that self-assembled structure of DNA molecules was organized. DNA-L-alanine-derived lipid formed a self-assembled film with a liquid crystalline structure, which showed a less water absorption. DNA devices absorbed water under high humidity which led to decreases of optical functions. However, it was possible to encapsulate the DNA-lipid complexes into sol-gel materials so that a water permeation was prevented by glass to stabilize and to keep the optical functions for a long time.
An overlaid technique utilizing DWDM channels for the capacity upgrade of already installed full-mesh CWDM AWG-STAR systems has been proposed and investigated experimentally. In the experiment, SOA transceivers were examined for simple and cost-effectiveness point of view, and it revealed the potential of over 10 km transmission. In the proposed configuration, relatively high total insertion losses resulted from additional AWGs for DWDM channels caused fewer margin for the loss budget. Our results suggested that SOAT with higher gain and saturation power, or receivers with much higher sensitivity should be important role for this configuration in order to achieve much longer transmission distance.
Optical switching properties based on the photochromism of spiropyran-doped DNA-lipid complex films have been studied. On-off switching of the incident light under the alternate excitation of UV- and visible light showed strong dependence of the intensity of the excitation light. We have obtained the switching times of around 200-300ms, but much faster response could be expected since the proportional tendency has not been saturated yet.
Optical and photochromic properties of spiropyran-doped DNA-surfactant complex films have been studied. They strongly depended on the type of spiropyran as well as the type of surfactant. Spiropyrans containing the oxazine ring and intercalated into DNA showed very rapid photochromic response. It is also shown that photochromic response times are expected much faster by increasing the intensity of the excitation light.
Various DNA-cationic lipid complexes and their bulk films were prepared and their physical properties were measured. Consequently, it was found that physical properties were greatly dependent on each lipids. The DNA-lipid complexes film formed by C-12 lipid of single-chain trimethylammonium type showed largest value on mechanical strength. Water absorption behaviors of the films were also dependent on kinds of lipids. It was found that fluorescence quantum yields of cyanine doped DNA-lipid films decreased nonlinearly with increasing relative humidity, while the fluorescence quantum yields were high compared with that of PMMA in whole range of relative humidity.
Optical properties of spiropyran-doped DNA-CTMA films have been studied. They strongly depended on molar ratio of DNA/spiropyran. Switching experiments was performed for 1.55-μm signal light. Measured slow transition times indicate much precise adjustment and optimization.
This paper reports on optical and optoelectronic properties of DNA-surfactant complex films which were intercalated with a NLO dye, Disperse Red 13(DR-13). Circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicated that the orientation of the azo dye, DR-13 doped in DNA-surfactant complex film was achieved by inserting the dye molecules into the nano-size space between base pairs of DNA. The Disperse Red 13-doped DNA thin film displayed higher THG than that of CS2 about two orders. On the other hand, SHG signal could not be observed even in the presence of anisotropic ordering of the molecular chromospheres on template of the double helix of DNA, perhaps because of absorption of the dye for SHG light.
Some of cyanine dyes and ionic functional chromophore have been widely used to probe the conformation of DNA helix through measurement of induced circular dichroism (CD) spectrum, change of UV-visible spectrum and enhancement of fluorescence. In order to develop new type optical and optoelectric materials we studied the interaction between a hemicyamnine dye and DNA in aqueous solution and have prepared the NLO dye-DNA complex films. We first found that binding of the famous NLO dyes, C22HEMI to DNA induced strong CD band in the absorption spectra of the dyes in DNA aqueous solution and DNA-CTMA complex film1. The enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield upon binding of the dye to DNA in aqueous solution is above 100-fold. Luminescence of the hemicyanine dyes-doped in DNA-CTMA film displayed enhancement fluorescence above three orders. Refractive indices and film thickness of the self-assembled thin film determined by using the prism coupling method revealed that the self-assembled DNA thin film has anisotropic structure in two-dimensional and the self- assembled DNA-CTMA thin film is isotropic. The functional dye-DNA-CTMA film may be used to fabrication of optical waveguide, and optoelectronic devices based on the strong flurorescence, and tunable optical properties.
Waveguide p-i-n photodiodes are theoretically revealed to have a great advantage over conventional surface-illuminated p-i-n photodiodes and metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes in the performance limit, the product of the bandwidth and the external quantum efficiency. Experimental results show a bandwidth of over 75 GHz and a high efficiency with a mushroom-mesa multimode waveguide p-i-n photodiode.
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