In this paper, a position sensorless commutation method without phase shift is proposed for brushless DC motor (BLDCM). First, the unexcited phase back electromotive force (back-EMF) is reconstructed through a multiplexer, and the fundamental wave signal of reconstructed unexcited phase back-EMF is obtained through a synchronous frequency extraction algorithm. Then, the accurate zero-crossing points (ZCPs) of the extracted fundamental wave signal are obtained via detecting the fundamental waveform crossing zero point. Because there is no phase shift on the ZCPs, the BLDCM can achieve high accurate commutation, which improves the system efficiency.
The solid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) represents an innovative energy technology, where the integration of multifunctional micro/nano-structures is pivotal for enhancing TENG performance through composite energy input. Despite its promise, the fabrication of surface triboelectric layers with controlled three-dimensional multifunctional structures remains a formidable challenge, primarily due to limitations in existing processing methods. In this study, we propose a method that combines femtosecond laser temporal-shaped processing with the hydrothermal approach. This synergistic approach enables the creation of a morphology-controllable three-dimensional stereo-structured array of zinc dioxide(ZnO) micrometer columns on the surface of PVDF films. This results in the development of a surface electric layer exhibiting a composite enhancement in photovoltaic and piezoelectric properties. Through laser modulation of the PVDF surface morphology and the distribution of ZnO nanopillar seeds, we successfully achieved 3D stereostructured arrays comprising micrometer pillars with an average size of 3 μm. The proposed method offers a flexible and rapid means to realize the fabrication of multifunctional composite-enhanced solid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerators. This advancement extends the utility of TENG in large-scale fabrication and the utilization of oceanic micro energy, showcasing its potential for broader applications.
The scanning measurement path planning of free-form surface parts is an important factor in ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of scanning measurement. This paper proposes a robot scanning measurement path method based on the suboptimal viewpoint method for high-precision and high-efficiency measurement of free-form surface parts. Firstly, scanning points are generated based on the CAD model of free-form surface parts. Then, based on the measurement angle and distance of the 3D laser scanner, the candidate pose of the 3D laser scanner is generated for the sampling points, and the optimal pose of the 3D laser scanner is generated based on the suboptimal viewpoint. Finally, the optimal scanning measurement path for the robot is generated. The computer simulation and experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the measurement efficiency while ensuring the measurement accuracy.
Guest editors Haojie Xia, Liandong Yu, and Lianxiang Yang introduce the Special Section on Advances in Optical Measurement for Geometrical and Mechanical Quantities.
We report a highly sensitive electrolytic copper (Cu) detection method using nanoparticle enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS) for metal smelting processes. The sulfate solution Cu with content ranging from 10 to 50 g/L was prepared and measured on the nanoparticle chip. The experimental results showed that the Cu spectral line intensity of NELIBS increased 5.5 to 9.4 times compared with typical LIBS without nanoparticles. The calibration curve was established based on the spectral line intensity at Cu I 327.40 nm according to the different Cu content in the solution. The determination coefficient R2 of the calibration curve was 0.99. The method of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on drying liquid droplets on the nanoparticle chip can be applied to the rapid determination of Cu content in the copper electrolyte.
We demonstrate a method for simultaneous measurement of thickness and refractive index of transparent materials based on spectrally-resolved interferometry. By extracting the phase from the interference spectrum, the measured optical path difference can be obtained directly without phase shift device in the measurable range. This unique advantage makes it capable of measuring physical thickness and refractive index by introducing transparent medium and processing three useful optical path differences. In the long-term stability test, the repeatability experiment of spectral resolution interferometric ranging technology using femtosecond laser is carried out within 60 min, and the standard deviation is 341nm.
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