Prof. Paul E. Kinahan Profile

Prof. Paul E. Kinahan

Professor and Vice-Chair of Research, Radiology at Univ of Washington

SPIE Involvement:

Editorial Board Member: Journal of Medical Imaging | Author

Publications (38)

Proceedings Article | 3 April 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Harmonizing quantitative imaging feature values in CT using image quality metrics as a basis

Morgan Daly, John Hoffman, Andrew Hernandez, Ali Uneri, Jeffrey Siewerdsen, Paul Kinahan, Nicholas Bevins, Kalpana Kanal, David Zamora, Benjamin Maloney, J. Anthony Seibert, Mark Supanich, M. Mahesh, John Boone, Michael McNitt-Gray

Proceedings Volume 12927, 129271B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006885

KEYWORDS: Image quality, Scanners, Computed tomography, Modulation transfer functions, CT reconstruction, Quality measurement, Imaging systems, Feature extraction, Medical image reconstruction

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

A hybrid CNN-Swin Transformer network as deep learning model observer to predict human observer performance in 2AFC trial

Muhan Shao, Jhimli Mitra, Darrin Byrd, Craig Abbey, Fatemeh Behnia, Jean Lee, Amir Iravani, Murat Sadic, Delphine Chen, Paul Kinahan, Sangtae Ahn

Proceedings Volume 12929, 129290B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005656

KEYWORDS: Transformers, Deep learning, Cross validation, Positron emission tomography, Convolutional neural networks, Image quality, Cancer detection

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Proceedings Article | 10 April 2023 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Integrating deep learning algorithms for the lung segmentation and body-part-specific anatomical classification with Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center (MIDRC)

Nadya Shusharina, Deepa Krishnaswamy, Paul Kinahan, Andrey Fedorov

Proceedings Volume 12469, 124690S (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2653606

KEYWORDS: Lung, Image segmentation, Anatomy, Computed tomography, Data modeling, Image processing, Radiomics, Medical imaging, Chest, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 18 October 2022 Open Access

Open Access

Paper

Estimating the accuracy and precision of quantitative imaging biomarkers as endpoints for clinical trials using standard-of-care CT

Paul Kinahan, Darrin Byrd, Hao Yang, Hugo Aerts, Binzhang Zhao, Andrey Fedorov, Lawrence Schwartz, Tavis Allison, Chaya Moskowitz

Proceedings Volume 12304, 123040R (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646614

KEYWORDS: Clinical trials, Computed tomography, Tumors, Therapeutics, Data modeling, Imaging systems, Error analysis, Image analysis, Cancer, Biological research

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 2022 Paper

Paper

A sparse-readout quantitative PET scanner for breast cancer therapy optimization

Paul Kinahan, William Hunter, Kyle Champley, Robert Harrison, Adrienne Lehnert, Peter Muzi, Donald DeWitt, Dongming Hu, Robert Miyaoka, Lawrence MacDonald

Proceedings Volume 12286, 1228608 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2626724

KEYWORDS: Scanners, Positron emission tomography, Breast cancer

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Paper

Paper

Using virtual clinical trials to determine the accuracy of AI-based quantitative imaging biomarkers in oncology trials using standard-of-care CT

Darrin Byrd, Dennis Bontempi, Hao Yang, Hugo Aerts, Binzhang Zhao, Andrey Fedorov, Lawrence Schwartz, Tavis Allison, Chaya Moscowitz, Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 12035, 1203506 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2610980

KEYWORDS: Clinical trials, Computed tomography, Biological research, Lung, Liver, Signal to noise ratio, Oncology

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation

Presentation

Opportunities for advanced imaging and novel technologies

Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume PC12037, PC1203705 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633854

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SPIE Journal Paper | 20 September 2021

Evaluation of attenuation correction in PET/MRI with synthetic lesion insertion

Mahdjoub Hamdi, Yutaka Natsuaki, Kristen Wangerin, Hongyu An, Sarah St. James, Paul Kinahan, John Sunderland, Peder E. Larson, Thomas Hope, Richard Laforest

JMI, Vol. 8, Issue 05, 056001, (September 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.8.5.056001

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Error control coding, Scanners, Positron emission tomography, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Bone, Neuroimaging, Image segmentation, Optical spheres

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SPIE Journal Paper | 15 July 2020 Open Access

Open Access

Virtual Clinical Trials: Why and What (Special Section Guest Editorial)

Ehsan Samei, Paul Kinahan, Robert M. Nishikawa, Andrew Maidment

JMI, Vol. 7, Issue 04, 042801, (July 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.7.4.042801

KEYWORDS: Clinical trials, Imaging systems, Radiology, Image processing, Medical imaging, Physics, Medicine, 3D modeling, X-ray computed tomography

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SPIE Journal Paper | 11 April 2020 Open Access

Open Access

Virtual clinical trials in medical imaging: a review

Ehsan Abadi, William Segars, Benjamin M. Tsui, Paul Kinahan, Nick Bottenus, Alejandro Frangi, Andrew Maidment, Joseph Lo, Ehsan Samei

JMI, Vol. 7, Issue 04, 042805, (April 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.7.4.042805

KEYWORDS: Medical imaging, Computer simulations, Magnetic resonance imaging, Clinical trials, Imaging systems, Data modeling, Image segmentation, Image quality, Single photon emission computed tomography, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Deep learning-based model observers that replicate human observers for PET imaging

Fenglei Fan, Sangtae Ahn, Bruno De Man, Kristen Wangerin, Scott Wollenweber, Craig Abbey, Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 11316, 113160E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547505

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Neural networks, Convolutional neural networks, Reconstruction algorithms, Expectation maximization algorithms, Scanners, Data modeling, Image quality, Performance modeling, Image restoration

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Proceedings Article | 28 May 2019 Paper

Paper

Virtual clinical trials using 3D PET imaging

Paul Kinahan, Darrin Byrd, Kristen Wangerin, Mark Muzi, Lanell Peterson, Brenda Kurland, Jennifer Specht, Hannah Linden

Proceedings Volume 11072, 1107238 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2535582

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Clinical trials, Signal to noise ratio, Scanners, Therapeutics, Reconstruction algorithms, Cancer, Image restoration, Image processing, 3D image processing

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Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has emerged as a standard component for cancer diagnosis treatment and has increasing use in clinical trials of new therapies for cancer and other diseases. The use of PET imaging to assess response to therapy and its ability to measure change in radiotracer uptake is motivated by its potential for quantitative accuracy and high sensitivity. However, the effectiveness depends upon a number of factors, including both the bias and variance in the pre- and post-therapy reconstructed images. Despite all the attention paid to image reconstruction algorithms, little attention has been paid to the impact on task performance of the choice of algorithm or its parameters, even for FBP or OSEM. We have developed a method, called a 'virtual clinical trial', to evaluate the ability of PET imaging to measure response to cancer therapy in a clinical trial setting. Here our goal is to determine the impact of a fully-3D PET reconstruction algorithm and parameters on clinical trial power. Methods: We performed a virtual clinical trial by generating 90 independent and identically distributed PET imaging study realizations for each of 22 original dynamic 18F-FDG breast cancer patient studies pre- and post- therapy. Each noise realization accounted for known sources of uncertainty in the imaging process, specifically biological variability and quantum noise determined by the PET scanner sensitivity and/or imaging time, as well as the trade-offs introduced by the reconstruction algorithm in bias versus variance. Results: For high quantum noise levels, due to lower PET scanner sensitivity or shorter scan times, quantum noise has a measurable effect on signal to noise ratio (SNR) and study power. However, for studies with moderate to low levels of quantum noise, biological variability and other sources of variance determine SNR and study power. In other words, the choice of the fully-3D PET reconstruction algorithm and parameters has minimal impact on task performance. Conclusions: For many clinical trials, the variance aspects of 3D PET and reconstruction method and parameters have minimal to no impact. Variance for other factors, and bias introduced by changes in 3D PET reconstruction between scans can dramatically impact the utility of clinical trials that rely on quantitative accuracy.

SPIE Journal Paper | 28 March 2019 Open Access

Open Access

Erratum: Measuring temporal stability of positron emission tomography standardized uptake value bias using long-lived sources in a multicenter network

Darrin Byrd, Rebecca Christopfel, Grae Arabasz, Ciprian Catana, Joel Karp, Martin Lodge, Charles Laymon, Eduardo Moros, Mikalai Budzevich, Sadek Nehmeh, Joshua Scheuermann, John Sunderland, Jun Zhang, Paul Kinahan

JMI, Vol. 6, Issue 01, 019801, (March 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.6.1.019801

KEYWORDS: Radiology, Positron emission tomography, Medical imaging, Biomedical optics, Cancer, Scanners, Solids, Image restoration

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 December 2018 Open Access

Open Access

Special Section Guest Editorial: Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging

Elizabeth Krupinski, Paul Kinahan, Patrick La Riviere

JMI, Vol. 6, Issue 01, 011001, (December 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.6.1.011001

KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence, Medical imaging, Image segmentation, Radiology, Breast, Convolutional neural networks, Lanthanum, Image classification, Neural networks, Ultrasonography

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Paper

The PET/X dedicated breast-PET scanner for optimizing cancer therapy

Lawrence MacDonald, William C. Hunter, Chengeng Zeng, Larry Pierce, Sergei Dolinski, Donald DeWitt, Robert Miyaoka, Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 10718, 107180M (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2318419

KEYWORDS: Scanners, Sensors, Positron emission tomography, Mammography, Tumors, Field programmable gate arrays, Crystals, Imaging systems, Signal detection, Breast

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2018 Paper

Paper

Simulating magnetic resonance images based on a model of tumor growth incorporating microenvironment

Pamela Jackson, Andrea Hawkins-Daarud, Savannah Partridge, Paul Kinahan, Kristin Swanson

Proceedings Volume 10577, 105771D (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293645

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mathematical modeling, Brain, Neuroimaging

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Deep-learning derived features for lung nodule classification with limited datasets

P. Thammasorn, W. Wu, L. Pierce, S. Pipavath, P. D. Lampe, A. M. Houghton, D. Haynor, W. A. Chaovalitwongse, P. Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 10575, 105751F (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293236

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Diagnostics, Image processing, Machine learning, Feature extraction, Lung, Lung cancer, Network architectures, Image classification, Convolutional neural networks

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SPIE Journal Paper | 4 January 2018

Measuring temporal stability of positron emission tomography standardized uptake value bias using long-lived sources in a multicenter network

Darrin Byrd, Rebecca Christopfel, Grae Arabasz, Ciprian Catana, Joel Karp, Martin Lodge, Charles Laymon, Eduardo Moros, Mikalai Budzevich, Sadek Nehmeh, Joshua Scheuermann, John Sunderland, Jun Zhang, Paul Kinahan

JMI, Vol. 5, Issue 01, 011016, (January 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.5.1.011016

KEYWORDS: Scanners, Calibration, Positron emission tomography, Germanium, Radiology, Epoxies, Image restoration, Cancer, Image processing, Solids

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 December 2017

Multicenter survey of PET/CT protocol parameters that affect standardized uptake values

Darrin Byrd, Rebecca Christopfel, John Buatti, Eduardo Moros, Sadek Nehmeh, Adam Opanowski, Paul Kinahan

JMI, Vol. 5, Issue 01, 011012, (December 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.5.1.011012

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Scanners, Cancer, Clinical trials, Brain, Whole body imaging, Brain imaging, Neuroimaging, Glucose, Image resolution

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SPIE Journal Paper | 30 October 2017

Simulation study of quantitative precision of the PET/X dedicated breast PET scanner

Chengeng Zeng, Paul Kinahan, Hua Qian, Robert Harrison, Kyle Champley, Lawrence MacDonald

JMI, Vol. 4, Issue 04, 045502, (October 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.4.4.045502

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Scanners, Optical spheres, Positron emission tomography, Sensors, Breast, Spatial resolution, Reconstruction algorithms, Image restoration, Tumors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 October 2017 Open Access

Open Access

Multisite concordance of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements across the NCI Quantitative Imaging Network

David Newitt, Dariya Malyarenko, Thomas Chenevert, C. Chad Quarles, Laura Bell, Andriy Fedorov, Fiona Fennessy, Michael Jacobs, Meiyappan Solaiyappan, Stefanie Hectors, Bachir Taouli, Mark Muzi, Paul Kinahan, Kathleen Schmainda, Melissa Prah, Erin Taber, Christopher Kroenke, Wei Huang, Lori Arlinghaus, Thomas Yankeelov, Yue Cao, Madhava Aryal, Yi-Fen Yen, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Amita Shukla-Dave, Maggie Fung, Jiachao Liang, Michael Boss, Nola Hylton

JMI, Vol. 5, Issue 01, 011003, (October 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.5.1.011003

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, In vivo imaging, Diffusion weighted imaging, Breast, MATLAB, Artificial intelligence, Magnetic resonance imaging, Radiology, Statistical analysis, Medicine

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2017 Paper

Paper

A phantom design and assessment of lesion detectability in PET imaging

Scott Wollenweber, Paul Kinahan, Adam Alessio

Proceedings Volume 10136, 101361E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254430

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Imaging systems, Systems modeling, Scanners, Signal to noise ratio, Signal detection, Image quality, Ranging, Data modeling, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Improved attenuation correction for respiratory gated PET/CT with extended-duration cine CT: a simulation study

Ruoqiao Zhang, Adam Alessio, Larry Pierce, Darrin Byrd, Tzu-Cheng Lee, Bruno De Man, Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101321I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254599

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Positron emission tomography, Medical imaging, Algorithm development, Computer simulations, Lung, Tumors, 3D acquisition, CT reconstruction, Reconstruction algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Statistical distributions of ultra-low dose CT sinograms and their fundamental limits

Tzu-Cheng Lee, Ruoqiao Zhang, Adam Alessio, Lin Fu, Bruno De Man, Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101320N (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254375

KEYWORDS: Interference (communication), Aluminum, Computer simulations, Image registration, Sensors, Statistical analysis, Signal attenuation, Computed tomography, Image restoration, Data processing, Calibration, Data modeling, Environmental sensing, Diagnostics, Statistical modeling

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 November 2016

Evaluation of lesion detectability in positron emission tomography when using a convergent penalized likelihood image reconstruction method

Kristen Wangerin, Sangtae Ahn, Scott Wollenweber, Steven Ross, Paul Kinahan, Ravindra Manjeshwar

JMI, Vol. 4, Issue 01, 011002, (November 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.011002

KEYWORDS: Liver, Signal to noise ratio, Lung, Expectation maximization algorithms, Reconstruction algorithms, Positron emission tomography, Image restoration, Performance modeling, Data modeling, Infrared imaging

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SPIE Journal Paper | 5 August 2015

Quantitative radiomics: impact of stochastic effects on textural feature analysis implies the need for standards

Matthew Nyflot, Fei Yang, Darrin Byrd, Stephen Bowen, George Sandison, Paul Kinahan

JMI, Vol. 2, Issue 04, 041002, (August 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.2.4.041002

KEYWORDS: Stochastic processes, Positron emission tomography, Statistical analysis, Matrices, Clinical trials, Image restoration, Image quality, Image analysis, Error analysis, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2015 Paper

Paper

Improving lesion detectability in PET imaging with a penalized likelihood reconstruction algorithm

Kristen Wangerin, Sangtae Ahn, Steven Ross, Paul Kinahan, Ravindra Manjeshwar

Proceedings Volume 9416, 94160W (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082301

KEYWORDS: Liver, Lung, Expectation maximization algorithms, Reconstruction algorithms, Positron emission tomography, Image quality, Image restoration, Visualization, Medical imaging, Image visualization

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SPIE Journal Paper | 24 September 2014

Assessment of patient selection criteria for quantitative imaging with respiratory-gated positron emission tomography

Stephen Bowen, Larry Pierce, Adam Alessio, Chi Liu, Scott Wollenweber, Charles Stearns, Paul Kinahan

JMI, Vol. 1, Issue 02, 026001, (September 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.1.2.026001

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Lung, Liver, Statistical analysis, Motion models, Computed tomography, Diagnostics, Signal attenuation, Medicine, Image acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2014 Paper

Paper

X-ray pulsing methods for reduced-dose computed tomography in PET/CT attenuation correction

Uwe Wiedmann, V. Bogdan Neculaes, Dan Harrison, Evren Asma, Paul Kinahan, Bruno De Man

Proceedings Volume 9033, 90332Z (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043021

KEYWORDS: X-rays, X-ray computed tomography, Electrons, Optical filters, Switching, Capacitance, Signal attenuation, Modulation, Scanners, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2010 Paper

Paper

Noise and bias properties of monoenergetic images from DECT used for attenuation correction with PET/CT and SPECT/CT

Ting Xia, Adam Alessio, Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 7622, 762225 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.844075

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Single photon emission computed tomography, Positron emission tomography, Computed tomography, Scanners, Aluminum, Calibration, X-ray computed tomography, X-rays, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2008 Paper

Paper

Low-dose dual-energy computed tomography for PET attenuation correction with statistical sinogram restoration

Joonki Noh, Jeffrey Fessler, Paul Kinahan

Proceedings Volume 6913, 691312 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.769855

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Signal attenuation, Lithium, Neodymium, Image restoration, Statistical analysis, Laser imaging, X-ray computed tomography, Algorithm development, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Improved quantitation for PET/CT image reconstruction with system modeling and anatomical priors

Adam Alessio, Paul Kinahan, Thomas Lewellen

Proceedings Volume 5747, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595372

KEYWORDS: Systems modeling, Tumors, Positron emission tomography, Reconstruction algorithms, Sensors, Scanners, Data modeling, Image segmentation, Image restoration, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Effect of patient thickness and scan duration on lesion detectability in PET oncology imaging

Phillip Cheng, Paul Kinahan, Claude Comtat, Carole Lartizien, Thomas Lewellen

Proceedings Volume 5745, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595428

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Positron emission tomography, Signal attenuation, Image quality, Abdomen, Scanners, Oncology, Spherical lenses, Image filtering, Target acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Simulation of countrate performance for a PET scanner with partial collimation

Ruth Schmitz, Paul Kinahan, Robert Harrison, Charles Stearns, Thomas Lewellen

Proceedings Volume 5745, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595572

KEYWORDS: Collimation, Positron emission tomography, Scanners, 3D metrology, Microchannel plates, Monte Carlo methods, 3D acquisition, Sensors, Collimators, Single photon

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Advanced PET/CT fusion workstation for oncology imaging

Christopher Lau, Sayan Pathak, Lixin Gong, Paul Kinahan, Phillip Cheng, Lydia Ng

Proceedings Volume 5744, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.594749

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Computed tomography, Image registration, Image fusion, Cancer, Software development, Visualization, Control systems, Oncology, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2003 Paper

Paper

Performance comparisons of planar and volumetric observers for lesion detection in PET scanning

Jae-Seung Kim, Paul Kinahan, Carole Lartizien, Claude Comtat, Tom Lewellen

Proceedings Volume 5034, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480329

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, 3D acquisition, Signal to noise ratio, Positron emission tomography, Performance modeling, 3D image processing, Smoothing, Data modeling, Target detection, Optical spheres

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2000 Paper

Paper

Evaluating image reconstruction methods for tumor detection performance in whole-body PET oncology imaging

Carole Lartizien, Paul Kinahan, Claude Comtat, Michael Lin, Richard Swensson, Regine Trebossen, Bernard Bendriem

Proceedings Volume 3981, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383125

KEYWORDS: Reconstruction algorithms, Positron emission tomography, Liver, Lung, Tissues, Image restoration, Expectation maximization algorithms, 3D image reconstruction, Tumors, Oncology

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Proceedings Article | 8 January 1996 Paper

Paper

Laser stimulation for pain research

Stuart Clark, Mark Dickinson, Terence King, Anthony Jones, Andrew Chen, Stuart Derbyshire, D. Townsend, Paul Kinahan, M. Mintun, T. Nichols

Proceedings Volume 2629, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.229532

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Carbon dioxide lasers, Brain, Electroencephalography, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Pulsed laser operation, Functional imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Laser systems engineering, Scanners

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Showing 5 of 38 publications

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