Floods that occurred in the Citarum watershed are caused by land degradation and environmental damage following the population and economic pressure on its surrounding. To overcome this problem, proper planning and uninterrupted observation on the physical characteristics of the watershed are needed. This study aims to: 1) identify the physical characteristics of the Citarum Hilir Sub-Watershed that affect the flow coefficient; 2) calculate the flow coefficient by considering the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed; 3) provide management recommendations of the Citarum Hilir Sub-Watershed for flood control. The method to identify the flood characteristics is by calculating the coefficient of river flow using Cook method which incorporates parameters of slope, soil infiltration, land use, and drainage density, deducted from DEM SRTM and Landsat-8. Using Multiparametric GIS Analysis, the result shows that the physical characteristic of land use contributed the most, which is 34.55% to the flow coefficient assessment. The slope parameter has an influence of 25.44%, soil infiltration is 11.42%, and drainage density is 28.60%. The total flow coefficient value is 52.32%, so it is classified as high criteria. Therefore, this area has high flood potential that are prioritized for handling flood control. This area covers a land unit with high to extreme flow coefficient values, which is 73.96% of the total area. Several efforts can be made to follow up the flood control on these priority areas, such as land use management, forest and land rehabilitation, soil and water conservation, and integrated watershed management. Land use planning must refer to this analysis to determine the suitability of land use for water and forest conservation to remediate those high to extreme flow coefficient values. The evaluation on Regional Planning Map of West Java Province in 2009-2029, is needed as a recommendation to control the flood and enhance the Citarum Hilir management.
The Luk Ulo River watershed, the largest river in Kebumen Regency, owns some environmental issues, including its declining quality due to land degradation, land conversion, rapid urbanization, and mining of sand and rock for building material. Rapid population growth also triggers the change of the land functions from forest to built-up area. This massive land-use changing lead to the watershed decreasing potential to absorb a large amount of water optimally, since most of the rainwater will flow to the surface due to reduced forest as a barrier to the rate of surface water. Therefore, watershed potential and actual identification in term of water resources availability is urgently needed. The development of remote sensing technology and geographic information systems has a possibility to study the spatial pattern of water catchment areas in a wide range. This study aims to determine the potential and actual of water catchment areas in the Luk Ulo watershed. The potential of water catchment obtained from the result of overlay from rainfall, soil type (Secondary data) and slope data which derived from DEM SRTM 30 meters. The result of the potential water catchment area is overlaid with land use information extracted from Sentinel-2A imagery through visual interpretation and resulting the actual potential of water catchment. The results show that the condition of the potential natural water catchment area in the Luk Ulo watershed is dominated by moderate infiltration potential with an area of 42,462.87 Ha (65.170%). Furthermore, for actual potential of water catchment areas dominated by good and quite critical conditions with an area of 24,979.85 Ha (38.23%) and 22,896.96 Ha (35.80%) 24,758.53 Ha (38.14%). This research contributes to the potential assessment of watershed revitalization planning, especially to provide the estimation extent area followed by its spatial distribution. Data validation using field observation and secondary data will be ideal for future study to measure the model accuracy followed by giving us local knowledge of the study area.
The green mussel cultivation by fishermen in Pasaran Island is influenced by nature and uses simple technology without regarding water conditions. In fact, site selection considering the water condition is one of the important factors in determining the success of quality green mussel cultivation. High market demand but not supported by modern technology, good marketing strategies, price stability, and appropriate cultivation site can reduce the production of green mussels. This research was conducted to determine the optimal location for the green mussel cultivation around Pasaran Island, in Lampung Bay and to formulate a management strategy based on the map. Modeling parameters measured on the field include depth, salinity, pH, temperature, current velocity, dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and chlorophyll-a. Data processing methods include inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolations and fuzzy overlay. The study result in the form of raster-based physical water suitability maps for green mussel cultivation are intended to refine the uncertainties in the vector-based data presentation on water quality data so that it is expected to provide additional information to avoid a less optimal cultivation environment so it maintain the quality of green mussel products and support to accelerate aquaculture production raising program (minapolitan) in Lampung Bay.
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