Differences and similarities of the chemical composition (ions, trace elements, PAHs) of the driven atmospheric aerosol collected in the autumn period of 2022 along the routes 89th and 90th cruises of the R/V "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" in the Kara Sea area were revealed. (RSF) № 21-77-20025.
The first data on spatial and temporal distribution of carbon-containing (soot) aerosol in the atmosphere over Lake Baikal based on the results of comprehensive expeditions 2021-2022 and at the atmospheric monitoring station in Listvyanka settlement are presented
Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol, atmospheric precipitation, and dry deposition in the industrial center of the Eastern Siberia, town of Irkutsk, in 2019-2020 was analyzed. 2019 is characterized by the record-breaking forest fires in the Siberian Region for the last 10 years. Sulfur and nitrogen streams flowing with atmospheric depositions to the underlying surface in Irkutsk were calculated. Sulfur and nitrogen inputs with atmospheric precipitation were higher than with dry depositions. It is noted that the flows of these substances were more intensive in 2019, especially during the warm season of the year. This study was supported by the State Project 0279-2021-0014.
This article analyses the results of the in-situ automatic recording of the concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric boundary layer at the Listvyanka monitoring station (southern basin of Lake Baikal). During the northwesterly transport, poorly scattered plumes of air emissions from large regional thermal power plants (the cities of Irkutsk and Angarsk) are often recorded in this area, carrying large amounts of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides as well as coarse aerosol (PM10). In the process of transport, nitrogen oxides are the first to be rapidly oxidized by ozone. This contributes to an increase in the acidity of atmospheric precipitation at Lake Baikal and in nitrate deposition in the water area. Spatial scale and potential risks of regional transport of air pollution for the ecosystem of the lake require further research.
The elemental composition of aerosol in the atmosphere of the research station Ice Base “Baranov Cape” based on 2017- 2020 measurements was studied. The elements, most prevalent in the earth’s crust, dominate in the composition of aerosol. The seasonal and annual variability of the concentrations of elements in the composition of aerosol is shown. During the summer and spring periods, the concentrations of Li, Cd, As, V, Cj, Sb, Sn, Se, Pb, B, Tl, U, Be, Th, Ag, and W increase multiple times.
We analyzed the 2018-2019 seasonal dynamics of the chemical composition of aerosol at atmospheric monitoring stations, Irkutsk and Listvyanka, in the Baikal region, with various synoptic and meteorological conditions as well as during severe wildfires in Siberia. This paper shows the seasonal differences in the content and ratios of major ions in aerosol, depending on air temperature in different years and smog from wildfires in Siberia, as well as dynamics of trace gas impurities in the atmosphere.
The chemical composition of aerosol and precipitations on the southwest coast of Baikal during intensive forest fires in Krasnoyarsky Kray and Yakutia in July 2018 was analyzed. An increase in the concentrations of ions and PAHs in the fine fractions of aerosol particles (<1.3μm) sampled in Listvyanka was observed. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, SO4 2- and PAHs in the composition of the aerosol in Bolshie Koty within the period were increased. According to the analysis of the synoptic situations and chemical composition of atmospheric depositions, the aerosol sampled in 15-18 June 2018 was a product of forest fires.
The analysis of observations of the chemical composition of gaseous impurities and atmospheric aerosol, obtained 2017 (May-September) and 2018 (March-October) on the territory of the Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve, which is subject to the transport of contaminants through the atmospheric channel from industrial centers of the Irkutsk Region, is given. Using the model of backward trajectories, the air masses transport from potential air pollution sources is analyzed. We found that the predominant atmospheric transport connected with the increased acid-forming gases concentrations came from the Western sector, where a large number of industrial facilities are located.
In this research, we analyzed the long-term variability and seasonal dynamics of NH4+, Ca2+, NO3-, SO42- ions prevailed in surface aerosol layer at the monitoring sites in the Baikal Region. During the warm period the chemical composition of the aerosol forms mainly due to the soil-erosion source; during the cold period power plants emissions are the most significant source. Quantitative estimates of the ion content in the aerosol at the monitoring sites, which indicate spatial heterogeneity of its chemical composition in the atmosphere of the Baikal Region, are given.
The article presents the study of the spatial and timely concentration dynamics of the main polluting gas impurities (O3, SO2 and NOx) at three permanent sites of atmospheric monitoring in the south of Eastern Siberia. The monitoring measurements were carried out by passive, forced and direct methods that showed a good correlation varying between 0.7 and more. The results of the study have confirmed the previously determined trends of the annual course in the distribution of ozone in the ground atmosphere at the monitoring sites: maximum values of ozone concentration were in the spring (March-April), and minimal – in the autumn (September-October). Short-term fluctuations of the concentrations of the ground ozone in urban conditions depended on the content of anthropogenic gas impurities. The content of sulphur and nitrogen dioxides in the urban and rural areas was significantly affected by seasonal and interannual fluctuations depending on air temperature changing throughout the year (more in the winter, less in the summer) and on different years (more in cold years and less in warm years). At the Listvyanka site, increased concentration of the analyzed gases was in the warm season as well. It is caused by the high recreational load of the settlement as one of the largest touristic zones at Baikal in the Irkutsk Region.
Based on data of 7-year (2011-2017) measurements in the Arctic settlement Barentsburg (Spitsbergen archipelago), we discuss the seasonal and interannual variations in aerosol characteristics: atmospheric aerosol optical depth and nearground concentrations of aerosol, absorbing substance (black carbon), ions, as well as gas-phase species. For certain aerosol characteristics (especially in 2011 and 2012) we noted an anthropogenic effect of settlement, i.e., dust, black carbon, and pollutants from heat and power plant.
Based on data of seven expeditions, we considered the specific features of the spatial distribution of aerosol physicalchemical characteristics over Arctic seas in Russia. It is shown that the average aerosol and black carbon concentrations and aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere decrease by a factor of 2-2.5 in the direction from west to east. A more detailed analysis in the sectors of the Barents and Kara Seas revealed a tendency toward a decrease in aerosol characteristics in the northeast direction. We noted that the average ion concentrations in aerosol composition are close in value over the Barents and Kara Seas. Continental and maritime sources make nearly identical contributions to ion composition of aerosol over these seas.
Results of air surface aerosol and precipitation ion content studies done at the Listvyanka Station (Southern Pribaikalye) during 2000-2015 are discussed. The studies were performed by Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Irkutsk, Russia) in continuous monitoring mode. Peculiarities of seasonal and interannual variability of aerosol and precipitation ion content are analyzed. A reduction of aerosol ion concentrations is observed since 2000 to 2015, while no such reduction of ion concentrations is seen in precipitation. The mean annual pH value and nitrate content show a tendency to decrease with simultaneous growth of sulfate and ammonium concentrations. Aerosol ion content changed in 2010-2015 as compared to the 1990’s. The change of aerosol and precipitation ion content is induced by climate change (warming, growing rain and snowfall) in the Baikal Region as well as by shift of heat and power plants emission components towards reduction of ash fraction and increase of acidulous gases.
Since 2011, the Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO SB RAS, Tomsk) and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (AARI, St. Petersburg) conduct field studies of near-ground aerosol characteristics at the Spitsbergen archipelago (Barentsburg) in the spring and summer seasons. The following parameters are measured in the atmospheric surface layer: aerosol particle number density and volume particle size distribution; mass concentrations of aerosol and absorbing matter (black carbon); coefficients of total aerosol scattering and aerosol backscattering in the visible spectral region. The experimental findings obtained in 2011– 2015 are reported. Peculiarities of the seasonal and year-to-year variability of the aerosol characteristics are revealed. The results of investigation of the chemical composition of the near-ground aerosol in Barentsburg are discussed.
The peculiarities of spatial-temporal variability of the submicron aerosol number density NΣ (cm-3), particle size
distribution in the diameter range 0.4 to 10 μm, mass concentration of submicron aerosol Ma (μg/m3) and the mass
concentration of black carbon (soot, BC) Ms (μg/m3), as well as chemical composition of particles (ion composition of
aerosol soluble fraction) in different regions of White Sea are considered in this paper. The effect of continental and
marine sources on formation of the near-water aerosol characteristics is estimated.
The results on monitoring of chemical structure of atmospheric precipitation at Lake Baikal region are presented. The factors influencing on acidity and mineralization of wet deposition at different sites of the region (background, rural and urban) are considered. The special attention is given to dynamics of pH value, contents sulfates and nitrates. It is shown, that an acidity of precipitation is influenced not by absolute amount of strong acids anions, but by ratios of anions and cations in wet deposition. The fluxes of acidifying ions on an underlying surface of considered region are evaluated. With the help of mathematical simulation the possible contribution of regional anthropogeneous sources to acid loads (sulfuric and nitric acids) on water area of Southern Baikal with wet deposition is estimated.
In an outcome of two-years observations in the region of Southern Baikal, experimental data about inter-annual variability of 7-10 day's average concentrations of some acid gases, as well as main ions in soluble faction of atmospheric aerosols and in rains. The evaluations of a dry deposition amount are represented, in comparision with the measured wet deposition. In the summer period the dry and wet deposition in considered region are close on magnitude, but in an annual sum the dry deposition essentially predominates because of their highest contribution in the winter period. As a whole, the results are satisfactorily agreed with obtained earlier observations in different parts of the Baikal region. In addition to experimental studies, the accounts with the help of the mathematical model based on numerical solution of the spatial non-linear non-stationary semi-empirical equation of a turbulent diffusion of impurity were made. In an outcome of conducted numerical experiments with the model the spatial fields of monthly average concentration of both sulphur and nitrogen compounds and a small gas components of the atmosphere over considered region were obtained.
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