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In this paper, design details and measurements results are presented in order to demonstrate the array performance.
As the SWIR wavelengths range covers a large variety of applications, also the FPA characteristics and mainly the ROIC properties need to be adjusted to fulfil the mission requirements with the requested performance. Additionally one has to bear in mind that the nature of SWIR radiation is completely different from what is usually encountered in IR imaging. Whereas the signal of thermal imagery in the Middle Wavelength (MWIR: [3 – 5 μm]) or Long Wavelength (LWIR: [8 – 10 μm] or [8 – 12 μm]) band is characterized by a large DC pedestal, caused by objects at ambient temperature, and a small AC signal, due to the small temperature or emissivity variations, SWIR range imagery is characterized by a large dynamic range and almost no DC signal. In this sense the SWIR imagery is resembling more the nature of Visible and NIR imaging than that of thermal imagery.
SWIR imaging based on InGaAs based FPAs is well suited for passive or active day and night vision applications in different weather conditions, including surveillance, defense or fire-fighting. Xenics developed the Rufus camera, based on a 640 x 512 pixel resolution FPA. In order to achieve the best performance over a large span of lighting conditions, different smart algorithms are implemented onboard.
The auto-exposure algorithm optimizes the integration time in order to position the image histogram at a given usercontrolled brightness level. Moreover the algorithm can also switch automatically between different gain and read-out modes. At the same time a TrueNUC™ algorithm is calculating the non-uniformity correction. This correction depends on the detector temperature and integration time, because of the variable dark current of the InGaAs diodes. After the image correction and auto-exposure, further image enhancement is done by additional auto-gain and histogram equalization algorithms. Depending on the application, the user can modify several parameters of the algorithms, e.g. the maximal allowed stretching, the output histogram position and equalization strength.
In the paper we will report on the performance of the algorithms at different environmental conditions. The residual Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) of the TrueNUC™ model is analyzed. For the TrueNUC™ implementation a typical residual FPN of <1% is obtained (at 25°C) over the complete integration time range from 100us up to 40ms, both in high and low gain. Finally we will illustrate the capabilities of the algorithms in different applications.
Attend one session or the entire day of the LASER COMPONENTS workshop. Get an understanding of how to select the right device or set the optimal device performance for your application. Everyone is welcome, from students, researchers, engineers and system designers to managers.
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<strong>Part I </strong>: Optics 8:30 – 10:00 am
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<strong>How to Specify High-Power Laser Optics and Polarizers</strong>
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Specifying the correct optical component may determine the success of an application. This session focuses on high-power laser optics and polarizers, their functional principles, essential properties, and corresponding effects depending on the application.
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8:30 – 09:00 am
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<strong>High-Power Laser Optics </strong>
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Understanding of the tradeoffs of laser optics specifications, Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) and absorption for UV wavelengths, and surface flatness of laser optics after coating
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9:00 – 10:00 am
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<strong>Theory of polarization, polarizer types, and utilization</strong>
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Understanding of the matter of polarization and different types of polarizers, characteristics of polarizers, the polarizers mode of operation in various applications, key parameters for a polarizer in an intended application
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<strong>Part II</strong>: Lasers 11:00 am – 1:30 pm
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<strong>How to Set the Optimal Device Performance: From Pulsed Lasers in LiDAR to White Laser Light</strong>
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The first workshop will hone in on driving FET-based Pulsed Laser Hybrid Circuits and Silicon APD array structure and operation. To close this session, we will provide an overview of a next generation white laser light module that produces high luminance, incoherent, broad spectrum white light.
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11:00 – 11:30 am
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<strong>Driving FET-based Pulsed Laser Hybrid Circuits </strong>
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Understanding of the various elements of field-effect transistors (FET) driver design for optimized device performance.
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11:30 – 12:00 am
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<strong>Silicon APD Array Structure and Operation</strong>
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Understanding of APD arrayss requirements for special photosensitive area sizes, contours, gain variations and gaps between elements and their effects on performance.
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1:00 – 1:30 pm
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<strong>Features of the World’s First, High Luminance, White Laser Module</strong>
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Understanding of the white laser module that enables novel lighting effects, including miniature luminaires with long range highly collimated beam output, compact ultra-short throw high angle illumination, and glare-free pattern generation with sharp light gradients.
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<strong>Part III</strong>: Detectors 1:30 – 5:00 pm
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<strong>IR Detectors: What Are the Best New IR Technologies for Your Company </strong>
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This session will provide an overview of the different types of IR detectors available on the market today and cover their usage in industrial gas sensing applications, spectroscopy, radiation thermography and non-destructive inspection processes.
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1:30 – 2:00 pm
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<strong>Selecting an IR detector for Gas Sensing Applications</strong>
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Understanding of the main advantages and disadvantages of common IR detector technologies covering operation, ideal conditions, available versions, and limitations of each technology.
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2:00 – 2:30
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<strong>High speed InGaAs Arrays for SD-OCT and Machine Vision </strong>
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Understanding of the specifications of 512, 1024 and 2048-pixel InGaAs Line-arrays with up to 400 KHz line rates, surpassing the speed requirements of medical (3D SD-OCT) and machine vision applications, consuming limited power while exhibiting stellar noise performance
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2:30 – 3:00 pm
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<strong>Use of Extended InGaAs Linear Arrays </strong>
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Understanding of the capability of 1.7 um, 2.2μm, and 2.6μm cut-off wavelength linear InGaAs arrays; and the factors that influence sensitivity.
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4:00 – 4:30 pm
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<strong>Recent improvements in PbS/PbSe detector technology </strong>
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Understanding of how PbS/PbSe detectors are constructed, the internal structure of PbS/PbSe, what material mechanisms effect device performance, how modern manufacturing techniques effected overall detector performance.
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4:30 – 5:00 pm
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<strong>Differential Pyroelectric Detectors </strong>
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Understanding the operation of pyroelectric detectors in the true differential mode, which provides doubling of signal and an increase in D* by a factor of around √2.
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